What are the 3 Pillars of Corporate Sustainability?
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What are the 3 pillars of corporate sustainability and why are they important?
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ESG / CSR
Industries
MEASURE
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Understanding the UK Government’s Mandatory Net Zero Targets
Level
The UK’s transition to Net Zero by 2050 is not just an environmental ambition - it’s a legally binding target that will reshape the business landscape. With increasingly stringent climate regulations, emissions reporting requirements, and industry-specific decarbonisation plans, businesses that fail to align risk regulatory penalties and competitive disadvantage.
The government’s mandatory Net Zero targets set out clear milestones: a 68% emissions reduction by 2030, 81% by 2035, and full Net Zero by 2050. The relaunch of the UK Net Zero Council in February 2025 further strengthens public-private collaboration, ensuring that businesses play a pivotal role in driving the clean energy transition.
For businesses, these policies mean compliance obligations - but also opportunities. Companies that integrate Net Zero strategies early will benefit from enhanced investor confidence, cost savings, and new revenue streams in the growing green economy.
In this article, we’ll explore:
- The UK’s mandatory Net Zero targets, key deadlines, and policy drivers.
- The compliance requirements and financial risks businesses must navigate.
- The competitive advantages of aligning with Net Zero policies.
- Practical steps businesses can take to reduce emissions and stay ahead.
- How Greenly’s solutions can help you future-proof your business in a Net Zero economy.
By the end, you’ll have a clear understanding of why acting now is critical - and how your business can turn the Net Zero challenge into a strategic advantage.
What are the UK’s Net Zero targets?
The UK has set legally binding Net Zero targets, initially committing to a 68% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions by 2030 and a 78% reduction by 2035, based on 1990 levels. However, in November 2024 at the COP29 summit, Prime Minister Keir Starmer announced a more ambitious goal - raising the 2035 target to 81%. This move signals a tougher stance on decarbonisation and reinforces the UK’s position as a global leader in climate action.
The Net Zero Strategy: Build Back Greener, published in 2021, provides a sector-specific roadmap for meeting these goals. It includes policies for decarbonising key industries such as energy, transport, and heavy industry, backed by regulations, investment incentives, and emissions reporting requirements.
To accelerate progress and ensure businesses can adapt, the UK government relaunched the UK Net Zero Council in February 2025. The expanded Council brings together policymakers, industry leaders, and financial institutions to help shape Net Zero policies, assist businesses in meeting regulatory obligations, and ensure that economic growth remains aligned with sustainability goals.
With stricter emissions caps now locked in, businesses must act swiftly to align with tightening compliance requirements, increasing investor expectations, and growing supply chain pressures - or risk falling behind in an economy that is rapidly transitioning toward Net Zero.
The UK’s five-year carbon budgets
To ensure sustained progress toward Net Zero by 2050, the UK government enforces its climate commitments through five-year carbon budgets. These legally binding limits on total emissions prevent reliance on last-minute policy shifts by ensuring a steady and enforceable reduction in emissions over time.
Under Section 4 of the Climate Change Act 2008, the government is required to set these carbon budgets at least 12 years in advance, capping the total greenhouse gas emissions the UK can produce within each period. These budgets work alongside Net Zero targets but serve a different function:
- Net Zero targets (2030, 2035, 2050) define percentage-based reductions against 1990 emissions levels.
- Carbon budgets control cumulative emissions over five-year periods, ensuring that reductions happen at a measured and enforceable pace rather than being deferred to later years.
While the UK government is legally required to meet these budgets, businesses are indirectly impacted through sector-specific regulations, emissions reporting requirements, and decarbonisation policies designed to align industries with these limits.
The table below outlines the current and upcoming carbon budgets, highlighting the progression toward Net Zero by 2050:
| Carbon Budget | Years Covered | Emissions Cap (MtCO₂e) | Reduction from 1990 Levels |
|---|---|---|---|
| CB4 | 2023-2027 | 1,950 | 52% |
| CB5 | 2028-2032 | 1,725 | 58% |
| CB6 | 2033-2037 | 965 | 78% |
| CB7 (to be set in 2025) | 2038-2042 | To be confirmed | To be confirmed |
Who do the UK’s Net Zero targets apply to?
The UK’s Net Zero targets are legally binding for the UK government, meaning it is responsible for ensuring the country meets its carbon budgets and emissions reduction commitments under the Climate Change Act 2008. If the UK fails to meet these targets, the government could face judicial reviews, policy revisions, or increased regulatory pressure.
While businesses and industries are not directly bound by these targets, they are heavily impacted by government policies, regulations, and compliance requirements designed to drive emissions reductions. Through legislation, industry-specific mandates, and financial incentives, the government ensures that businesses play their role in achieving Net Zero. In some cases, companies must comply with legal obligations, such as mandatory emissions reporting and sector-specific decarbonisation rules.
The extent to which businesses are affected depends on their size, sector, and emissions profile:
- Large corporations & publicly listed companies must adhere to mandatory sustainability reporting frameworks.
- High-emission industries face strict decarbonisation mandates, requiring technological shifts (eg. aviation fuel quotas, EV transition deadlines).
- SMEs are indirectly affected through supply chain pressures and investor expectations for emissions reductions.
In the next section, we’ll explore the key regulations, policies, and laws that shape the UK’s Net Zero transition - and what they mean for businesses.
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How is the UK Government implementing its Net Zero Strategy?
“ The UK government is using a combination of legal mandates, financial mechanisms, and sector-specific policies to ensure the country stays on track to meet its legally binding Net Zero targets. These measures impact businesses across industries, shaping corporate emissions strategies, investment decisions, and supply chain sustainability. ”
Legally binding regulations
The UK’s Net Zero strategy is enforced through legally binding regulations, ensuring that businesses take measurable steps toward reducing emissions. These laws and mandates apply across multiple sectors, requiring companies to monitor, report, and actively reduce their carbon footprint.
Emissions reporting and disclosure requirements
Certain UK businesses are required to track and disclose their greenhouse gas emissions, ensuring transparency and accountability in corporate sustainability efforts.
Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) → transition to ISSB/SDR
- Since April 2022, the UK mandated TCFD-aligned climate risk reporting for large companies and financial institutions.
- The UK is now transitioning from TCFD to ISSB (International Sustainability Standards Board) standards as part of the UK’s Sustainability Disclosure Requirements (SDR).
- Businesses should prepare for ISSB S1 and S2 standards to become the new reporting framework from 2026 onward (note that the timeline is not yet confirmed).
Industry-specific decarbonisation mandates
Beyond general reporting requirements, certain high-emission industries must meet strict decarbonisation policies designed to accelerate their transition to Net Zero.
Aviation - Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) quotas
- The UK has introduced mandates for Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) usage, requiring airlines to use a minimum percentage of SAF in their fuel mix.
- The goal is to reduce emissions from air travel while driving investment in low-carbon aviation technology.
Automotive – ban on petrol/diesel car sales by 2030
- The UK’s ban on new petrol and diesel car sales will take effect in 2030, following the Labour government’s decision to reverse the previous delay to 2035.
- Manufacturers must increase EV production and meet Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) sales quotas, ensuring a growing percentage of new car sales are electric each year.
- Hybrid models may still be sold until 2035, subject to government regulations on emissions standards and vehicle classifications.
Heavy industry – shift to low-carbon manufacturing
- High-carbon industries like steel and cement must transition to cleaner production methods.
- Policies encourage the use of electric arc furnaces over traditional blast furnaces, reducing emissions in steel production.
- Government funding is being allocated to support hydrogen and carbon capture projects in industrial sectors.
| Regulation | Who It Applies To | Key Requirements | Implementation Timeline |
|---|---|---|---|
| Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) → ISSB/SDR Transition | Large companies & financial institutions | Climate risk & emissions reporting (shifting to ISSB S1 & S2 under SDR) | TCFD mandated since 2022, ISSB transition by 2026 |
| UK Emissions Trading Scheme (UK ETS) | High-emission industries (energy, manufacturing, aviation) | Cap-and-trade system requiring emissions allowances | Ongoing since 2021, with tighter caps expected |
| Aviation – Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) Quotas | Airlines operating in the UK | Minimum SAF blend requirements | Increasing mandates through 2030 |
| Automotive – Petrol & Diesel Ban | Car manufacturers & dealers | Ban on new petrol/diesel vehicle sales | 2030 |
| Heavy Industry – Low-Carbon Manufacturing | Steel, cement & high-emission industries | Shift to electric arc furnaces & low-carbon production | Ongoing, with increasing government incentives |
Economic and financial incentives
The UK government employs a combination of carbon pricing mechanisms, investment grants, and tax incentives to motivate businesses toward decarbonisation. These financial tools are designed to offset transition costs, stimulate innovation, and position the UK as a leader in the green economy.
Carbon pricing and the UK Emissions Trading Scheme (UK ETS)
The UK Emissions Trading Scheme (UK ETS) is the cornerstone of the UK’s carbon pricing strategy, targeting high-emission industries to incentivise reductions.
Scope and mechanisms:
- Applicability: Covers energy-intensive industries, power generation, and aviation sectors.
- Functionality: Operates on a cap-and-trade principle, where a cap is set on total emissions, and businesses must hold allowances equal to their emissions. Excess allowances can be traded, creating a financial motive to reduce emissions.
Recent developments:
- Extension beyond 2030: In February 2025, the UK ETS Authority initiated a consultation to extend the scheme beyond its initial phase ending December 31, 2030. This move aims to provide long-term certainty for businesses and maintain momentum toward Net Zero goals.
- Free Allocation Adjustments: The government is considering extending the free allocation period of allowances by one year, from 2025 to 2026, to align with the upcoming UK Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) set for 2027. This extension seeks to support industries exposed to international competition.
Business incentives and procurement policies
To facilitate the transition to a low-carbon economy, the UK government provides financial support for businesses investing in clean energy, energy efficiency, and decarbonisation projects.
Key government grant and funding programs:
- Industrial Energy Transformation Fund (IETF) – Supports businesses in energy-intensive sectors to improve energy efficiency and cut emissions.
- Net Zero Innovation Portfolio – Over £1 billion in funding to accelerate clean technology development in energy, industry, and transport.
- Boiler Upgrade Scheme – Grants for businesses transitioning to low-carbon heating systems, such as heat pumps.
- Long-Duration Energy Storage (LDES) Scheme – A government initiative to attract investment in energy storage technologies to support renewable energy integration.
- Carbon Capture, Utilisation, and Storage (CCUS) Fund – £21.7 billion allocated for projects focused on capturing and storing CO₂ emissions from industrial sources.
PPN 06/21 – Carbon reporting for public sector contracts
The UK government is using its procurement power to drive emissions reductions across the economy. Procurement Policy Note (PPN) 06/21, introduced by the Cabinet Office, requires businesses bidding for government contracts worth £5 million or more per year to:
- Submit a Carbon Reduction Plan (CRP) detailing how they will reach net zero by 2050.
- Report Scope 1, 2, and select Scope 3 emissions, including business travel, transport, and supply chain impacts.
- Demonstrate commitment to UK Net Zero policies, ensuring that government-funded projects contribute to emissions reductions.
This policy is particularly significant for businesses working with the NHS, which has committed to decarbonising its supply chain by 2045. Companies that fail to comply with PPN 06/21 risk losing access to public sector contracts, making robust emissions reporting essential for securing government tenders.
By linking procurement to carbon accountability, the UK government is ensuring that taxpayer-funded projects align with national Net Zero goals.
“ For businesses looking to secure public sector contracts - or simply stay ahead of tightening climate regulations - understanding and implementing robust emissions reporting is crucial. However, navigating compliance with PPN 06/21, SECR, UK ETS, and broader Net Zero mandates can be complex. This is where Greenly’s expertise comes in, providing businesses with the tools and support needed to measure, report, and reduce emissions effectively. ”
Greenly’s role in supporting businesses in the Net Zero transition
With stricter emissions regulations and evolving reporting requirements, businesses must take a proactive approach to sustainability. While these policies introduce compliance obligations, they also present opportunities for companies to enhance efficiency, reduce costs, and build resilience in a low-carbon economy.
Greenly helps businesses navigate the complexities of the UK’s Net Zero strategy by providing data-driven carbon management solutions that turn sustainability into a competitive advantage.
Carbon accounting and emissions reporting
Understanding and tracking emissions is the foundation of any credible Net Zero strategy. Greenly’s automated platform simplifies emissions measurement and reporting by:
- Conducting greenhouse gas (GHG) assessments across Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions.
- Generating fully compliant sustainability reports aligned with SECR, UK ETS, ISSB/SDR, and upcoming CSRD standards.
- Providing Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impact of products and services.
Net Zero strategy and compliance support
Beyond emissions measurement, businesses need clear strategies to align with UK Net Zero policies. Greenly provides:
- Science-Based Target (SBTi) support, helping companies set credible emissions reduction goals.
- Tailored decarbonisation roadmaps, ensuring compliance with industry-specific regulations and carbon budgets.
- Guidance on emissions reduction initiatives, including energy efficiency improvements, supply chain sustainability, and low-carbon investments.
Sustainable supply chains and procurement
As supply chain emissions represent a significant share of a business’s overall carbon footprint, Greenly helps companies take control of their Scope 3 impact by:
- Mapping supply chain emissions and engaging suppliers on sustainability performance.
- Providing tools to track supplier data, ensuring alignment with Net Zero goals.
- Helping businesses integrate responsible sourcing practices, reducing risks and improving resilience.
Leveraging technology for sustainability
Greenly’s digital platform combines automation with expert guidance, making sustainability management seamless and measurable:
- Automated data collection reduces manual reporting burdens.
- Custom dashboards provide real-time insights into emissions trends.
- Greenly Academy and expert consultations equip businesses with sustainability knowledge.
By adopting a structured approach to emissions reduction, businesses can remain compliant, reduce operational costs, and position themselves as leaders in the transition to a low-carbon economy.
Get in touch with Greenly today to start your sustainability journey.
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Sectoral roadmaps and government support
While businesses must take independent action to reduce emissions, the UK government also provides strategic guidance to help industries navigate the transition. Sector-specific roadmaps, collaboration with private sector leaders, and long-term planning frameworks ensure that emissions reductions happen in a structured, achievable manner.
Net Zero Strategy and Carbon Budgets
The UK Net Zero Strategy outlines the policy framework for decarbonisation across key industries, ensuring that emissions reduction targets align with the country’s legally binding carbon budgets.
Net Zero Strategy (Build Back Greener)
- First published in 2021, this strategy sets out the policy direction for achieving Net Zero by 2050.
- Covers energy, transport, industry, and buildings, outlining pathways for emissions reductions.
- Includes government investment in low-carbon energy, R&D, and green jobs to support the transition.
Five-year carbon budgets
- Legally binding emissions limits set in five-year increments under the Climate Change Act 2008.
- Provide a structured timeline for reducing emissions, ensuring that Net Zero progress is measured and enforced.
- Businesses operating in high-emission sectors are expected to align with carbon budget reductions through regulatory compliance and investment in green technologies.
Sector-specific transition plans
The UK government has developed sectoral transition plans to guide industries in reducing emissions while maintaining economic competitiveness. These plans provide tailored decarbonisation pathways for high-emission industries.
Key sector-specific transition plans include:
Energy and power generation
- Phasing out coal-fired power by 2024 - the UK became coal-free in October 2024.
- Expanding offshore wind capacity to 50GW by 2030.
- Investing in hydrogen energy and carbon capture technologies.
Transport
- 2030 ban on new petrol and diesel vehicles.
- Investment in EV charging infrastructure and clean public transport.
- Support for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) development.
Construction and real estate
- Future Homes Standard (new builds must be highly energy efficient, reducing emissions by 75 to 80%).
- Mandatory energy efficiency upgrades for commercial properties.
- Financial incentives and support for low-carbon heating solutions.
Agriculture and land use
- Expansion of sustainable farming incentives to reduce agricultural emissions.
- Afforestation targets to increase carbon sequestration.
- Support for low-emission livestock and regenerative farming practices.
Industrial decarbonisation
- Focus on low-carbon manufacturing technologies, including electric arc furnaces for steel production.
- Grants for energy-intensive industries to invest in carbon capture and energy efficiency improvements.
- Support for hydrogen fuel adoption in industrial processes.
The UK Net Zero Council: what it means for businesses
The UK Net Zero Council plays a central role in shaping the country’s climate policies, ensuring that businesses and industries actively contribute to achieving Net Zero by 2050. Originally launched in 2023, the Council was relaunched in February 2025 with expanded membership and a stronger mandate, reinforcing the UK government’s commitment to public-private collaboration in driving decarbonisation.
What is the UK Net Zero Council?
The Net Zero Council serves as a strategic advisory body, bringing together government leaders, industry executives, financial institutions, and sustainability experts to guide the UK’s Net Zero transition.
- Chaired by Energy Secretary Ed Miliband and Co-op CEO Shirine Khoury-Haq, the Council includes representatives from major organisations such as HSBC, Siemens, Nestlé, Aviva Investors, the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), and the Local Government Association.
- Its primary objective is to ensure that Net Zero policies align with economic growth, investment opportunities, and job creation.
- The relaunch at COP29 in November 2024 coincided with Prime Minister Keir Starmer’s announcement of a more ambitious emissions reduction target of 81% by 2035, increasing the urgency for business-led action on climate change.
The Council provides direct input on policies that affect businesses, helping shape future regulations, financial incentives, and sector-specific Net Zero strategies.
Key priorities of the Net Zero Council (2025-2026)
The Council’s expanded role focuses on four key areas, ensuring that businesses receive guidance and support in transitioning to Net Zero:
Advising the UK Government on Net Zero strategy
- Provides expert insight on emissions reduction policies, ensuring realistic, business-friendly regulations.
- Helps shape future carbon budgets and sustainability reporting frameworks.
- Aligns climate policies with investment needs, reducing uncertainty for businesses.
Developing sector-specific transition plans
- Works with high-emission industries to create clear roadmaps for Net Zero compliance.
- Helps businesses access funding and technical support for decarbonisation projects.
- Ensures sector-specific policies (eg. transport, energy, manufacturing) are tailored to industry needs.
Supporting SMEs in the Net Zero transition
- Provides guidance and financial support for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).
- Helps SMEs integrate low-carbon technologies and energy efficiency improvements.
- Ensures that smaller businesses are not left behind in supply chain decarbonisation efforts.
Engaging the public and private sectors in Net Zero initiatives
- Promotes greater transparency and accountability in the UK’s climate transition.
- Encourages collaboration between businesses, policymakers, and civil society.
- Supports public engagement in climate action, innovation, and sustainable business practices.
What this means for UK businesses
The relaunch of the Net Zero Council represents stronger government support for businesses transitioning to clean energy. Companies should be aware of several key takeaways:
- More structured policy frameworks: Expect tighter regulations on emissions reporting, sustainability disclosures, and carbon reduction mandates.
- Greater investment opportunities: Businesses involved in renewable energy, green finance, and low-carbon technologies will benefit from increased government funding and investment incentives.
- Enhanced public-private collaboration: Companies will have greater influence in shaping Net Zero policies through industry consultations and Council partnerships.
- Stronger support for SMEs: Small businesses will have access to financial support, guidance, and resources to make their operations more sustainable.
Business benefits of aligning with Net Zero targets
Aligning with the UK’s Net Zero targets is a strategic opportunity. Businesses that transition early will gain competitive advantages, reduce costs, and unlock new revenue streams while avoiding financial and regulatory risks.
Competitive advantages
- Stronger market positioning: Sustainability is a key differentiator. Consumers, B2B clients, and public sector contracts increasingly favour businesses with credible Net Zero commitments.
- Enhanced investor confidence: Investors are prioritising companies with clear Net Zero strategies, improving access to capital, green loans, and lower borrowing costs.
- Regulatory resilience: Early adopters avoid costly penalties, supply chain exclusion, and last-minute transition expenses as regulations tighten.
Businesses that integrate Net Zero strategies into core operations can future-proof their models while staying ahead of competitors.
Cost savings through energy efficiency and sustainable practices
- Lower energy costs: Investing in energy efficiency (eg. LED lighting, insulation, renewable energy) reduces long-term operational expenses.
- Waste reduction: Circular economy practices (material reuse, recycling) cut waste disposal costs and raw material consumption.
- Lower carbon costs: Companies under the UK Emissions Trading Scheme (UK ETS) can reduce carbon pricing liabilities by cutting emissions.
Proactively reducing emissions and resource use translates into long-term financial benefits.
Opportunities for innovation and new revenue streams
- Green products and services: Expanding into low-carbon offerings, circular economy solutions, and sustainable supply chains opens new revenue opportunities.
- Access to green finance: Companies investing in Net Zero innovation may qualify for government grants, tax incentives, and green financing.
- Industry leadership and partnerships: Sustainability leaders gain competitive recognition, influence over policy, and valuable collaboration opportunities.
Businesses that embrace Net Zero innovation can drive new revenue, attract investment, and position themselves as industry leaders.
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Practical steps to align emissions reduction Strategies
Transitioning to Net Zero requires concrete, measurable actions to cut emissions, improve efficiency, and align with evolving regulations. Businesses that fail to act risk falling behind competitors, incurring higher costs, and facing compliance risks as the UK government tightens Net Zero policies.
A structured emissions reduction strategy should integrate:
- Regulatory compliance and reporting
- Operational efficiency improvements
- Supply chain decarbonisation
- Financial incentives and green investment
- Stakeholder engagement and accountability
Key actions businesses can Take to reduce emissions
1. Measure and report carbon emissions
Why it matters:
Understanding your carbon footprint is the first step to effective emissions reduction. Transparent reporting is also increasingly mandated by UK law, with frameworks such as:
- Streamlined Energy and Carbon Reporting (SECR) – Mandatory for large UK companies.
- UK Emissions Trading Scheme (UK ETS) – Compliance for high-emission industries.
- ISSB/SDR Sustainability Reporting – Replacing TCFD from 2026 (provisional date), affecting large companies.
- Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) (EU-linked) – Businesses exporting to the EU must report carbon intensity of products.
Actionable steps:
- Conduct a carbon footprint assessment, including Scope 1, 2, and 3 emissions.
- Align sustainability reporting with legal obligations and investor expectations.
- Use emissions data to set science-based targets in line with UK carbon budgets.
2. Improve energy efficiency
Why it matters:
Energy efficiency is one of the most cost-effective ways to cut emissions while reducing operational expenses. Given rising energy costs and government regulations, businesses must actively improve energy use.
Actionable steps:
- Upgrade equipment: Replace inefficient lighting, machinery, and appliances.
- Optimise processes: Use smart meters and AI-powered automation to track and cut energy waste.
- Transition to renewables: Invest in on-site solar, wind, or purchase renewable electricity contracts.
- Align with regulations: Meet Minimum Energy Efficiency Standards (MEES), which require commercial buildings to achieve a minimum EPC rating of C by 2027 and B by 2030.
Businesses that act early can benefit from lower costs, compliance readiness, and green financing incentives.
3. Transition to low-carbon operations
Why it matters:
Industries under Net Zero mandates, such as transport, construction, and manufacturing, must cut emissions through supply chain, logistics, and material choices.
Actionable steps:
- Sustainable procurement: Work with suppliers committed to Net Zero and ESG reporting.
- Electrify vehicle fleets: Take advantage of grants and tax incentives for electric vehicles.
- Adopt circular economy practices: Reduce waste through recycling, reusing materials, and designing products for longevity.
- Green logistics: Use low-emission transport solutions and explore localised supply chains to cut freight emissions.
4. Leverage green finance and government incentives
Why it matters:
Decarbonisation can be capital-intensive, but businesses can access financial support through grants, loans, and tax incentives.
Actionable steps:
- Apply for Industrial Energy Transformation Fund (IETF) grants for low-carbon innovation.
- Use Enhanced Capital Allowances (ECAs) for tax relief on energy-efficient investments.
- Access low-interest green loans from financial institutions that reward sustainable business models.
- Explore Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) funding for industries under heavy emissions scrutiny.
5. Engage employees and stakeholders
Why it matters:
Net Zero's success depends on internal engagement and supply chain collaboration. Businesses with strong sustainability cultures drive better compliance, innovation, and brand positioning.
Actionable steps:
- Implement employee training programs on emissions reduction strategies.
- Create internal sustainability targets and incentives for teams.
- Collaborate with supply chain partners to align on Net Zero commitments.
- Engage investors and customers with transparent sustainability reporting.
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- Greenly, Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Scopes 1, 2, and 3, https://greenly.earth/en-us/blog/company-guide/greenhouse-gas-emissions-scopes-1-2-and-3
- UK Government, Domestic Private Rented Property Minimum Energy Efficiency Standards, https://www.gov.uk/guidance/domestic-private-rented-property-minimum-energy-efficiency-standard-landlord-guidance
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