In this article, we’ll explore Keir Starmer’s journey from his early career to the top of British politics.

Who is Keir Starmer?

In July 2024, Keir Starmer led the Labour Party to a historic victory, becoming the UK’s new Prime Minister. After years of political turbulence and economic uncertainty under Conservative rule, Starmer’s rise marks a new chapter for Britain.

Starmer, often described as a pragmatist with a vision for national renewal, has promised to bring stability back to British politics. His leadership combines his legal acumen with a centrist approach, aiming to mend divisions within the country and restore trust in public institutions. As the dust settles from the general election, the question on everyone’s mind is clear: What kind of leader will Keir Starmer be, and how will his government shape the future of Britain?  


👉 In this profile, we’ll explore Keir Starmer’s journey from his early career to the top of British politics, delving into his political philosophy, governing approach, and his ambitious vision for the UK’s role on the global stage.

Keir Starmer was born on September 2, 1962, in Oxted, Surrey, to a working-class family. His father, Rodney, was a toolmaker, and his mother, Josephine, worked as a nurse. Starmer’s mother suffered from a long-term illness, which required regular medical care, a reality that deeply affected his perspective on public services, particularly healthcare. Starmer credits these formative years with shaping his later views on social justice and equality.

Starmer attended Reigate Grammar School, which became an independent school during his time there, before heading to the University of Leeds. At Leeds, he studied law, where his interest in justice and rights began to take shape. His academic performance was outstanding, earning him a place at St Edmund Hall, Oxford, to pursue postgraduate legal studies. It was at Oxford that he refined his focus on criminal law and human rights, influenced by his growing commitment to representing those without a voice.

After university, Starmer was called to the bar in 1987 and became a well-respected barrister, specializing in human rights law. Over the years, he built a reputation for defending cases related to civil liberties and social justice, representing clients in some of the most complex and high-profile cases. His legal career saw him take on cases both in the UK and internationally.

In 2008, Starmer was appointed Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP), a significant role where he led the UK’s Crown Prosecution Service (CPS). His tenure was marked by several high-profile cases, including the prosecution of MPs involved in the expenses scandal. As DPP, he emphasized fairness and accountability, often focusing on the importance of ensuring justice for victims while maintaining the integrity of the legal process. His time as DPP further cemented his reputation as a principled and fair-minded public servant, paving the way for his transition into politics.  

He will become Britain’s prime minister—but voters remain unsure what he stands for. So who is the real Sir Keir Starmer?

00:00 - Who is Keir Starmer?
00:39 - His life before politics
01:38 - His political rise
02:38 - His politics

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Meet Keir Starmer, Britain’s next prime minister

Keir Starmer’s transition from law to politics was marked by a desire to bring his commitment to justice into the political arena. After decades of working as a human rights lawyer and serving as Director of Public Prosecutions, Starmer entered Parliament in 2015 as the Labour MP for Holborn and St Pancras.  

It wasn’t long before he took on significant roles within the party. One of his early positions was as Shadow Minister for Immigration under Jeremy Corbyn’s leadership, where he tackled complex issues surrounding migration and asylum.

As Labour faced internal struggles and political challenges, particularly over the handling of Brexit, Starmer rose to prominence with his firm stance on ensuring a second referendum and his efforts to maintain a clear, coherent policy during challenging times. He played a key role in shaping Labour's Brexit strategy as Shadow Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union, advocating for the protection of workers' rights, environmental standards, and public services in any deal with the EU. His approach earned him respect both inside and outside the party.

Following Labour's devastating defeat in the 2019 general election, Jeremy Corbyn stepped down, triggering a leadership contest. Starmer announced his bid to lead the party, presenting himself as a unifying figure who could rebuild Labour after a period of division. His campaign focused on modernizing the party, regaining the trust of lost voters, and offering a credible alternative to the Conservative government. Starmer also promised to continue some of the progressive policies established under Corbyn while steering the party back toward the political center.

In April 2020, Keir Starmer was elected as Labour leader, winning a clear majority in the first round of voting. His leadership has been defined by efforts to unite the party after years of factionalism, re-establish Labour as a credible force in British politics, and move beyond the internal struggles that had marred its recent history. He has worked to distance Labour from the controversies of Corbyn’s leadership, particularly regarding allegations of antisemitism within the party, while maintaining a focus on social justice, equality, and progressive reform.

Starmer’s leadership has also been characterized by a pragmatic approach to policymaking, with an emphasis on fiscal responsibility, rebuilding public services, and tackling the climate crisis. His focus has been on restoring Labour’s electability, reconnecting with working-class voters in traditional Labour strongholds, and modernizing the party to appeal to a broader electorate ahead of the 2024 general election.

Keir Starmer’s efforts to rebuild and modernize the Labour Party culminated in a landmark victory in the 2024 UK General Election. Securing 404 seats – an overwhelming majority – Labour was handed a decisive mandate to shape the country’s future. Starmer’s approach was to present Labour as a credible and capable alternative to the Conservative Party, which was increasingly plagued by internal divisions and declining public trust. His strategy emphasized competence and unity, restoring faith in Labour as a force for effective governance.

A key element of Starmer's success was his ability to appeal to diverse groups across the country. He focused on addressing the cost-of-living crisis, pledging economic reform that would deliver fairness and opportunity for all, while also placing a strong emphasis on restoring and rebuilding public services like the NHS and education. This struck a chord with voters facing the daily struggles of inflation, stagnant wages, and cuts to vital services.

Starmer's approach also involved unifying a fractured Labour Party. He successfully navigated the internal tensions between the left-wing factions and the centrists, crafting a platform that balanced the progressive ambitions of the party’s base with policies that could appeal to a wider electorate. He promised to reform Labour’s image, moving beyond the controversies of previous leaderships and presenting a vision of a modern, forward-thinking party.

His campaign capitalized on the growing dissatisfaction with the Conservative government, which was seen as increasingly out of touch with ordinary people. Starmer presented himself as a stable, credible leader who would bring integrity and competence back to government. He was careful to distance Labour from the more radical policies that had alienated centrist voters in past elections, focusing instead on practical solutions to the UK’s economic challenges.

On election day, Labour won a decisive victory, marking a significant turning point in UK politics. Starmer’s leadership had not only revitalized the Labour Party but also given it a clear mandate to govern. His success was built on a coalition of urban progressives, working-class voters in the former industrial heartlands, and middle-class swing voters who were drawn to his moderate but reformist agenda.

With this victory, Starmer entered Downing Street as Prime Minister, ushering in a new era of Labour governance with a focus on economic justice, public service reform, and, crucially, climate action.

<table border="1" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0">
  <thead>
    <tr>
      <th>Party</th>
      <th>Seats Won</th>
      <th>Vote Share</th>
      <th>Impact</th>
    </tr>
  </thead>
  <tbody>
    <tr>
      <td>Labour Party</td>
      <td>412</td>
      <td>35%</td>
      <td>Keir Starmer's Labour Party achieved a historic landslide victory, marking the second-largest seat gain in Labour's history. This victory is second only to Clement Attlee in 1945 and Tony Blair in 1997. However, Labour's vote share was under 34%, the lowest for a majority-winning party, highlighting the fragmented nature of voter support.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Conservative Party</td>
      <td>121</td>
      <td>24%</td>
      <td>The Conservatives faced a severe defeat, losing a substantial number of seats compared to their previous majority of 365 seats in 2019. This reflects widespread voter dissatisfaction with their recent governance.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Liberal Democrats</td>
      <td>72</td>
      <td>12%</td>
      <td>The Liberal Democrats saw a resurgence, significantly increasing their seat count from 11 in 2019 to 72 in 2024, despite a modest increase in vote share.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Reform UK</td>
      <td>4</td>
      <td>14%</td>
      <td>Reform UK, despite gaining 14% of the vote share, won only 4 seats. Their support was widespread but not concentrated enough to translate into a proportional number of seats.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Green Party</td>
      <td>4</td>
      <td>7%</td>
      <td>The Greens increased their representation to 4 seats, up from just 1 in the previous election, reflecting growing environmental concerns among voters.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Scottish National Party (SNP)</td>
      <td>9</td>
      <td>2%</td>
      <td>The SNP experienced a dramatic collapse, losing 38 of their 47 seats, highlighting a significant shift in voter sentiment in Scotland.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Sinn Fein</td>
      <td>7</td>
      <td>0.7%</td>
      <td>Sinn Fein maintained their presence with 7 seats, continuing their influence in Northern Irish politics.</td>
    </tr>
    <tr>
      <td>Plaid Cymru</td>
      <td>4</td>
      <td>0.7%</td>
      <td>Plaid Cymru secured 4 seats, maintaining their regional influence in Wales.</td>
    </tr>
  </tbody>
</table>


Labour has officially won the 2024 general election after reaching the required 326 seats.
 
Speaking in central London, the next prime minister Keir Starmer says "change begins now".
 
"It feels good, I have to be honest," he tells a cheering crowd.

He adds that the task of a Labour government is "nothing less than renewing the ideas that hold our country together". 

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Labour wins UK general election with Keir Starmer to be next prime minister | BBC News

As Prime Minister, Keir Starmer’s political vision is centered around a commitment to fairness, accountability, and rebuilding public trust in government. His approach is firmly rooted in the belief that a strong, well-managed economy should serve everyone, not just the few, while addressing the deep-rooted inequalities that have impacted the UK in recent years.

Starmer has consistently presented himself as a centrist, pragmatic leader who believes in modernizing public institutions while maintaining a focus on traditional Labour values such as fairness, equality, and social justice. His governing philosophy revolves around balancing fiscal responsibility with ambitious reforms, ensuring that the UK can invest in critical areas like healthcare, education, and infrastructure without compromising the nation’s financial health.

One of Starmer’s primary focuses as Prime Minister has been tackling the ongoing cost-of-living crisis, which has dominated political discourse in the UK for years. His government’s economic policies aim to create a more equitable system, starting with tax reforms that target the wealthiest individuals and large corporations while providing relief for working families. Starmer has made it clear that Labour's approach will be to raise revenues fairly, ensuring that those who can afford to contribute more do so.

In addition to tax reform, Starmer has prioritized boosting the UK’s productivity by supporting small businesses and investing in future-proof industries such as renewable energy and technology. He has also pledged to address wage stagnation and precarious employment by introducing policies that guarantee fair wages and stronger worker protections, a move aimed at reversing the growing inequality in the UK’s labor market.

Starmer’s governance agenda includes a comprehensive overhaul of the UK’s public services, with a specific focus on rebuilding the National Health Service (NHS), which has faced immense pressure in recent years. His government has pledged significant investment to reduce waiting times, increase staffing levels, and modernize healthcare facilities. Starmer has also been vocal about addressing the mental health crisis, promising to make mental health services a key part of the NHS’s future.

Education reform is another cornerstone of his vision, with plans to enhance school funding, reduce classroom sizes, and provide better support for teachers. His government has also committed to making higher education more accessible, although he has refrained from reintroducing Labour's previous pledge to abolish tuition fees, opting instead to focus on improving student support and affordability.

A strong advocate for decentralization, Starmer has championed giving more power to local communities through increased devolution. His plans to enhance local governance include empowering regions to have greater control over their economic development, public services, and infrastructure projects. This decentralization is aimed at addressing the longstanding imbalance between London and other parts of the UK, particularly the North, where Starmer has promised targeted investments to regenerate former industrial areas.

By promoting localized decision-making, Starmer hopes to foster a more inclusive and responsive government that can better meet the needs of communities across the UK. This ties into his broader goal of rebuilding trust in public institutions, which he views as essential to restoring faith in British democracy. 

In this new chapter of Labour governance, Starmer’s leadership reflects a careful blend of bold policy ambitions and measured, responsible governance aimed at uniting a divided country. His political vision, while pragmatic, is underpinned by a commitment to transformative change that addresses the UK's most pressing social and economic challenges. 

Keir Starmer’s Approach to Foreign Policy and Brexit

Keir Starmer’s approach to foreign policy, particularly in the post-Brexit era, is defined by a desire to rebuild and strengthen the UK’s global standing while managing the complexities of its new relationship with the European Union. Throughout his leadership, Starmer has emphasized a balanced approach to international relations, blending pragmatism with a commitment to uphold the UK’s long-standing values, such as human rights and international cooperation.

Brexit and the UK’s Relationship with the EU  

As the leader of the opposition, Starmer was one of the most prominent voices advocating for a soft Brexit, repeatedly pushing for a closer alignment with the European Union than the one pursued by his Conservative predecessors. Now as Prime Minister, he faces the complex task of managing the UK's post-Brexit landscape. Starmer has made clear that, while he respects the outcome of the 2016 referendum, his government will work to repair the fractured relationship with the EU.

Starmer has pledged to seek a stronger trade partnership with the EU, focusing on reducing the barriers to trade that have hurt UK businesses in the wake of Brexit. He has committed to renegotiating aspects of the UK-EU trade agreement to make it easier for British companies to export goods to the continent, as well as improving the UK’s position within sectors like finance and services, where the Brexit deal has led to significant challenges.

However, Starmer has also promised not to revisit the question of rejoining the EU, stating that his focus will be on making Brexit work. His government plans to stabilize the UK’s new role on the world stage by pursuing pragmatic, mutually beneficial agreements with the EU on areas such as trade, security, and environmental standards. Starmer is also intent on strengthening ties with individual EU nations, fostering closer bilateral relationships to enhance cooperation. 

Starmer’s legal background, particularly his work in human rights law, has heavily influenced his stance on international diplomacy. As Prime Minister, he has pledged to put human rights at the center of the UK’s foreign policy, pushing for global cooperation on issues like democracy, the rule of law, and humanitarian intervention.

On the international stage, Starmer has positioned the UK as a leading advocate for human rights, particularly in conflicts and crises where international norms are under threat. He has expressed his intention to work closely with global organizations like the United Nations to address human rights abuses and promote democratic values.

Global Crises and Climate Change Leadership

Starmer’s foreign policy also places a strong emphasis on tackling global crises, with climate change being a top priority. Recognizing the interconnectedness of climate change and international stability, he has reaffirmed the UK’s commitment to meeting its climate goals and taking a leadership role in global climate negotiations.

Under his leadership, the UK is expected to reassert its influence in forums such as the United Nations Climate Change Conference (COP), advocating for stronger international agreements on carbon emissions, renewable energy, and environmental conservation. Starmer has framed climate action not only as an environmental imperative but also as a moral responsibility and an opportunity to forge new international partnerships.

Beyond Europe, Starmer’s government has aimed to strengthen the UK's alliances with key global partners, including the United States, Canada, and Japan. He has emphasized the need for free and fair trade agreements that support UK businesses while protecting workers’ rights and environmental standards.

Starmer has also highlighted the importance of maintaining strong ties with Commonwealth nations and emerging economies. His vision for foreign policy is one that supports global economic stability and fosters sustainable development, with a focus on ethical trade and investment that aligns with Labour’s broader principles of fairness and equality. 

Keir Starmer has made addressing the climate crisis one of the key pillars of his government, positioning Labour as the party committed to a bold and sustainable future. His environmental agenda stands in sharp contrast to his predecessor, Rishi Sunak, whose tenure was marked by several green policy U-turns and a more cautious approach to net-zero targets.

One of the most significant pledges in Starmer’s environmental policy is Labour’s commitment to achieving net-zero carbon emissions by 2050, with an accelerated goal to decarbonize the UK’s energy grid by 2030. This is in stark contrast to Rishi Sunak’s handling of environmental issues, where his government made headlines for delaying the 2030 ban on new petrol and diesel cars to 2035 and scaling back plans for phasing out gas boilers.

These U-turns under Sunak were seen as a step back in the fight against climate change, while Starmer’s approach emphasizes urgency and ambition. For Starmer, reaching net zero is both an environmental and economic opportunity, framing the green transition as a way to create new industries, modernize infrastructure, and provide thousands of green jobs.

At the heart of Starmer’s environmental plan is his flagship policy of establishing Great British Energy, a state-owned energy company. This initiative will drive investment into renewable energy projects, reversing the UK's reliance on fossil fuels and promoting clean energy sources such as offshore wind, solar, and hydrogen power.

This stands in direct opposition to Sunak’s backing of new North Sea oil and gas licenses, which faced heavy criticism from environmental groups. Starmer has committed to halting new oil and gas exploration, although he has acknowledged that existing licenses, such as those issued during Sunak’s term, will be honored. The creation of a public energy company represents Starmer’s vision of a UK that is both energy-independent and climate-resilient, moving away from fossil fuel dependency.

Under Starmer, the UK will see a rapid expansion of renewable energy. His government aims to generate 55GW of offshore wind by 2030 and 35GW of onshore wind, reversing the restrictions that limited onshore wind projects during Sunak’s government. Labour’s focus on renewable energy goes beyond wind: solar energy is set to play a major role, with Starmer targeting 50GW of solar power by the end of the decade.

In contrast, Sunak’s government often faced criticism for not going far enough. His decisions to delay key climate policies were seen as cautious, with Sunak emphasizing energy security and economic stability over rapid decarbonization. Starmer, on the other hand, is positioning renewable energy as a catalyst for economic growth and job creation, particularly in regions that were left behind by previous industrial declines.

Starmer has pledged to double the funding for home insulation and energy efficiency schemes, addressing one of the most persistent challenges in the UK’s climate agenda. By investing in retrofitting homes and improving insulation, Labour aims to cut household energy bills and reduce the nation’s carbon footprint - issues that were not fully addressed under Sunak’s government.

While Sunak’s administration did maintain some support for energy efficiency projects, his overall approach was seen as piecemeal, with significant gaps in addressing long-term sustainability in housing. Starmer’s government promises a more comprehensive solution, aiming to bring millions of homes up to higher energy standards.

Starmer has framed the green revolution not only as a response to climate change but also as a key driver of economic growth. His plans to create green jobs are central to his vision, particularly in underdeveloped regions that have suffered from deindustrialization. By investing in renewable energy sectors, Starmer aims to transform these regions into hubs of innovation and clean energy production.

This differs sharply from Sunak’s tenure, where the expansion of oil and gas licenses and support for fossil fuel industries faced backlash from climate advocates. Starmer’s emphasis on green jobs and reskilling workers from high-carbon sectors presents a proactive, forward-thinking approach to addressing both environmental and economic challenges.

Starmer has also committed to re-establishing the UK as a leader in global climate negotiations, a role that was diminished during Sunak’s term. While Sunak initially wavered on attending global climate summits, Starmer has pledged that the UK will take a central role in upcoming international discussions on climate action.  

Sir Keir Starmer says he's confident that household energy bills will come down, although he admitted it would "take time" - as he gave more details of the Government's new publicly owned Great British Energy firm. 

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Sir Keir set out plans to roll out new offshore wind farm developments on seabed owned by the Royal family, in partnership with the Crown Estate. 
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What is the UK's new publicly owned Great British Energy firm?

Keir Starmer’s early days as Prime Minister have not been without their difficulties. As his government embarks on a transformative agenda, it faces numerous challenges, from managing the economic fallout of Brexit to fulfilling ambitious promises on public services and the environment.

One of the major tasks facing Starmer's government is addressing the lingering effects of Brexit. While the UK’s departure from the European Union has reshaped its relationship with Europe and the global economy, challenges remain. Starmer, who campaigned for a closer relationship with the EU without rejoining, has the delicate job of navigating trade agreements and restoring investor confidence, particularly in industries that were disrupted by Brexit.

His government will need to strengthen ties with the EU while also managing the expectations of both the pro- and anti-Brexit factions within the UK. Starmer has indicated that he will seek closer cooperation on trade, research, and security, but without revisiting the divisive issue of EU membership - a balancing act that could prove tricky as his term progresses.

Economic Challenges and the Cost-of-Living Crisis

At the forefront of Starmer’s government priorities is addressing the UK’s economic challenges. The cost-of-living crisis has intensified, with inflation, high energy costs, and housing shortages affecting millions. Starmer’s plan to tackle this includes raising wages, reforming the tax system to ensure the wealthiest pay their fair share, and introducing measures to make housing more affordable.

However, implementing these policies will not be easy. With global economic conditions still fragile and the UK recovering from years of political uncertainty, Starmer’s government must manage the balancing act of stimulating growth while keeping public debt under control. Additionally, the task of modernizing the UK’s infrastructure, such as through green energy initiatives, will require considerable financial outlay and political capital.

Starmer has made it clear that rebuilding the NHS is one of his key priorities. After years of funding cuts and increased strain due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the health service faces immense challenges. Starmer’s government plans to increase funding, reduce waiting times, and improve working conditions for NHS staff. He has also promised to invest in mental health services and prioritize preventive healthcare.

Education reform is another crucial part of Starmer’s vision for the UK. His government plans to address disparities in school funding, increase teacher pay, and invest in early childhood education. Additionally, he has pledged to make higher education more accessible, particularly for students from disadvantaged backgrounds, by reforming the student loan system and increasing funding for vocational training.

Both of these reforms, however, come with significant challenges. Starmer’s government will need to find the resources to deliver on these promises while ensuring that reforms don’t get bogged down by bureaucratic hurdles or political opposition.

While Starmer’s environmental policies have been praised for their ambition, they also present one of the biggest challenges for his government. Implementing Labour’s green agenda - from achieving net zero to establishing Great British Energy and transitioning away from fossil fuels - requires significant public investment and careful management of industries reliant on carbon-based energy sources. 

One of the key hurdles will be ensuring that the shift to green energy doesn’t result in mass job losses, particularly in regions that have historically depended on industries like oil, gas, and coal. Starmer’s government is committed to creating green jobs, but retraining and relocating workers will be a significant challenge.

Additionally, the cost of rolling out green initiatives such as home insulation and renewable energy infrastructure may put pressure on public finances. Starmer will need to convince both the public and business sectors that the long-term benefits of these investments outweigh the short-term financial challenges.

Starmer’s Labour Party is a broad coalition that includes members from the center-right and the far left, and keeping these factions united has been one of his major challenges since becoming party leader. While his efforts to modernize the party and move it to the center have been successful in broadening Labour’s appeal, he still faces pressure from the left to deliver on more radical policies, particularly around nationalization and taxation.

Managing these internal divisions while maintaining a strong and cohesive government will be crucial for Starmer as he moves forward. His ability to keep the Labour Party united around a shared vision will play a significant role in determining the success of his government in the long term.

Keir Starmer’s victory in the 2024 election brought with it high expectations from voters who were eager for change after years of Conservative rule. However, delivering on the broad array of promises his government has made - from economic reform to green energy, to rebuilding public services - will be no small feat.

Public patience may wane if tangible progress isn’t seen quickly, and Starmer’s ability to manage both short-term concerns like the cost-of-living crisis and long-term goals like climate change will be key to maintaining the trust of the electorate. Ensuring that his government delivers on its promises without overextending itself will be one of Starmer’s greatest tests as Prime Minister. 

As Keir Starmer embarks on his tenure as Prime Minister, his focus will be on fulfilling the ambitious promises that won him the election. From rebuilding public trust in institutions to advancing economic growth through green investment, Starmer’s vision is one of inclusivity, fairness, and sustainability. His government’s central goal is to create a more equal society by addressing wealth disparity, improving public services, and fostering job creation in emerging industries.  

Starmer’s leadership will be defined by his ability to navigate the complex challenges the UK faces, from the climate crisis to global diplomatic relations. As he works to establish Britain as a leader in clean energy and social justice, the coming years will be critical in shaping both his legacy and the future direction of the country.

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Greenly provides a full suite of carbon management solutions that empower businesses to measure, manage, and reduce their carbon footprint:

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From carbon measurement and strategic action planning to supply chain decarbonization and platform integration, Greenly offers end-to-end support for your sustainability efforts. Partnering with Greenly positions your business as a leader in sustainability, helping you drive meaningful change and build a more resilient future.

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What is REDD+ – and how does it aid the environment in the midst of deforestation projects? Can using REDD+ help businesses and forest degradation reduce their carbon footprint?

What is REDD+?

Industrialization, urbanization, and the increased need for agricultural lands have all contributed to deforestation and in turn – created REDD+.

💡 Protecting our world's forests is essentially not only for reducing emissions from deforestation and to develop a more sustainable management of forests, but as it can help companies to offset emissions they can't reduce on their own and allow for various environmental benefits – such as improved air quality. 

REDD+ can assist developing country parties to the UNFCCC to gain access via the Green Climate Fund (GCF) readiness program, and in turn – help to reduce the environmental impact caused by deforestation and general forest degradation. This allows for further capacity building, improved national policies, and allows nations to adhere to the Paris Agreement with ease.

Is REDD+ ultimately successful at improving the environment and the forests, wildlife, reduce deforestation and ecosystems that it seeks to protect? 

In this article, we’ll review what REDD+ is, how it helps the environment, and how REDD+ can help businesses in the midst of climate change.

REDD+ is a strategy originally created by the UNFCCC and the Conference of the Parties to recommend projects in the forest sector to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions created from deforestation and forest degradation.

💡 In addition to this, REDD+ allows nations to protect vulnerable forest communities, indigenous communities, indigenous peoples land rights, adhere to political commitments, and improve their overall sustainable management of forests – all while halting deforestation.

The UNFCCC is an international treaty that encourages participating members to reduce climate change. They attend the Conferences of Parties annually, in addition to members of the Paris Climate Agreement and other various global leaders – to discuss climate change.

The Conference of Parties, more commonly referred to as COP – is an annual meeting where global leaders gather to negotiate ways to mitigate change and various climate challenge issues that are a cause for concern around the world. 

The goal of the Conference of Parties is to address issues about climate change amongst members of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, or the UNFCCC – so that they have the information to create the necessary actions to reduce climate change.

👉 This correlates to one of the main goals of REDD+, which is to contribute to the global fight against climate change. 

How does REDD+ aid in sustainable management?

REDD+ also strives to develop more sustainable management for forest conservation, forest improvement, and reforestation in developing countries. REDD+ is dedicated to establishing these activities through the use of national governments in order to lower the detrimental impact on forests caused by various human activities. 

REDD+ is a voluntary establishment and is contingent on the support, circumstances, and willingness to comply from various nations and developing countries.

👉 The main goal of REDD+ to encourage developing countries to establish better management tactics to carefully consider the resources provided to them by their forests, and to ultimately aid in the collective fight against climate change. 

What is the difference between deforestation, forest degradation, and reforestation? 

There is a difference between reforestation, forest degradation, and deforestation, and it is important to understand the difference in order to understand the objectives of REDD+.

Reforestation is a method of attempting to reverse the negative effects of deforestation by planting new trees in place of the ones that have already been destroyed for industrialization or agriculture needs. This is done to improve the ecosystems and recreate a forest that already existed beforehand.

👉 Did you know that reforestation is a method of reducing carbon dioxide emissions, as trees absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

Deforestation, on the other hand – is the term used to describe the continued destruction of forests around the world. These natural forests are removed by mankind for industrial, agricultural, or urbanization purposes despite these lands remaining vital to our ecosystems.

Forest degradation is similar to deforestation – but isn’t quite the same. Unlike deforestation, where the forest land is completely destroyed – forest degradation is when a forest and the wildlife in the ecosystem is compromised, but the forest land isn’t eradicated entirely. 

Reforestation has sprouted as a way to mitigate the effects of deforestation, which has been occurring at a rapid rate since the 1960s as the world continues to modernize.

Despite the short-term gain that deforestation can offer for industrialization or urbanization – deforestation is ultimately harmful for life on Earth as it contributes to climate change.

How many greenhouse gas emissions are caused by deforestation and forest degradation?

👉 Did you know that deforestation and forest degradation account for nearly 15% of global greenhouse gas emissions?

REDD+ seeks to improve the poor effects caused by deforestation and various projects that have harmed other forests impacted by human activities. 

The table below will further clarify the differences between reforestation, deforestation and forest degradation:

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                <th>Term</th>
                <th>Description</th>
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                <td>Reforestation</td>
                <td>Reforestation refers to the process of planting trees in areas where forests have been previously cut or destroyed.</td>
                <td>Helps restore ecosystems, improves carbon sequestration, and contributes to biodiversity. It mitigates climate change by absorbing CO2.</td>
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                <td>Deforestation</td>
                <td>Deforestation is the clearing or removal of forests to make land available for agriculture, urbanization, or other purposes.</td>
                <td>Leads to loss of biodiversity, disrupts water cycles, increases soil erosion, and contributes significantly to greenhouse gas emissions.</td>
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                <td>Forest Degradation</td>
                <td>Forest degradation occurs when forests are damaged or degraded, often due to unsustainable logging, mining, or agriculture, without full removal of trees.</td>
                <td>Reduces the forest's capacity to provide ecosystem services such as carbon storage, habitat for wildlife, and water regulation.</td>
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Why is deforestation and forest degradation so bad for the planet? 

Deforestation has multiple negative effects on the environment. 

For instance, deforestation leads to soil erosion, which creates insufficient food production and ultimately forces the wildlife in those deforested areas to flee their natural habitats. Deforestation and forest degradation impacts animal species, plants, and flowers that are all essential to cultivating a healthy ecosystem necessary to provide the resources for a healthy human life.

Forest degradation and deforestation throw off the natural balance of ecosystems, and therefore – impact all forms of life and the resources that could be used to mitigate climate change otherwise.

👉 Some ways to prevent the need for deforestation in the first place include eating less meat, consuming less overall to decrease the need for supply, and lower the use of fossil fuels or palm oils that contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and global warming.

While small efforts like the ones listed above are great, a long-term plan that aims to reduce the effects of forest degradation and deforestation will ultimately be more impactful and efficacious at mitigating the consequences that deforestation projects have on climate change. 

💡 This is precisely where REDD+ can help countries to better understand voluntary carbon markets, carbon credits, offset emissions, and aid in overall enhancement of forest carbon management. 

In order to begin the process of creating a REDD+ strategy plan, a country must first comply with the four core values of REDD+.

The four core values of REDD+ are as follows:

REDD+ national strategy should primarily strive to solve paramount problems that are created from the effects of deforestation and forest degradation – like land tenure, governance, and the equal rights for those who dwell in the locals communities where the deforestation of forest degradation takes place.

The nationality applying for REDD+ should show that they have a National Forest Monitoring System in place – and how this system is executed, observed, and why this specific forest monitoring strategy was chosen. 

Those applying for REDD+ should establish a Safeguards Information System, which demonstrates the method in which a country approaches environmental and social risks that could become a cause for concern due to REDD+ – as REDD+ poses a few potential negative consequences. 

The final value of REDD+ for those applying is to establish a Forest Reference Level.

A Forest Reference Level, otherwise known as FRL – makes use of historical data to predict the baseline emissions in contrast to determine the amount of carbon emissions that the nation in question should strive to reduce.

👉 Applicants for the REDD+ program should illustrate how their efforts to reduce carbon emissions from deforestation and forest degradation are in line with the Paris Climate Agreement.

Countries applying for REDD+ should then produce an estimated calculation of their emissions reductions so that the data can be reported to the REDD+ information hub. A secretary from the UNFCCC will review the documentation provided by each applying country to make sure all the requirements for REDD+ have been met for approval.

One way that countries will try to reduce their carbon emissions is through carbon offsetting, such as reforestation projects to attempt to rebuild the forest, local community, and ecosystem that was destroyed through deforestation and forest degradation.

👉 REDD+ encourages nations to develop sustainable management plans for their forests, including developing countries. Therefore, REDD+ seeks to improve both the  biodiversity of a forest and the local community or country that it belongs to – all whale reducing greenhouse gas emissions that contribute to climate change.

What is the current status of REDD+ as of 2024?

In August 2024, REDD+ released a semi-annual progress report sharing how they are on track to meet several of their goals and nationally determined contributions and and continue to help develop national strategies to sustainably manage forests for both developing and developed countries  – but some goals remain delayed, such as their efforts to reduce emissions with Argentina, Bolivia, and Columbia as national circumstances have hindered their current plans. 

💡 In 2024, developing countries around the world have drastically increased the need for overseeing forest activity, and ultimately support the overall missions of REDD+ – as it remains vital in attempts to protect forests and create long-term forest sustainable management for reducing emissions from deforestation, sustainable management, to achieve sustainable development goals (SDGs), climate change mitigation, and to reduce global emissions via stored carbon.

The Warsaw Framework for REDD+ has created multiple resources to follow through with establishing the mission and executing the goals of REDD+ – such as for technical assistance, building for optimal capacity, demonstration activities, and finance based on the success of REDD+. 

Since the start of 2020, fifty developing countries have requested a forest reference from REDD+ for a forest reference emission to be sent to the UNFCCC. In addition, fifteen countries have asked for summarized guidance on how to preserve their forests, with twelve of the fifteen having submitted new national plans to protect their forests.

As of 2024, REDD+ remains on track to help Laos work towards their interest in voluntary forest carbon projects, assist Kenya in forest protection and enhance forest carbon stocks, worked with DRC to curate improved capacity building support, and completed the second monitoring report for the Forest Carbon Partnership Facility for Ghana to allow them to receive results based payments for their emission reductions from the FCPF Carbon Fund.

👉 In short, REDD+ is not operating at full speed or capacity like it could – but it is well on its way and the development of REDD+ has not been ignored amidst the climate change crisis.

REDD+ has a lot of benefits, but like everything else in life – it isn’t foolproof, nor is it perfect.

REDD+ provides Excellent and proven methods of mitigating climate change;

REDD+ protects and promotes biodiversity and new watersheds;

REDD+ focuses on local communities by providing them with new sustainable life habits for those who dwell in local communities or developing countries that depend on forest resources;

REDD+ helps old communities that were disregarded during forest degradation use their voice in new political processes to prevent further deforestation or forest degradation. 

👉 However, despite the pros – the cons of REDD+ are just as abundant and important to note as the pros of REDD+.

The cons of REDD+ are that there is no unified definition of what can be called a forest or what sustainable forest management means. This doesn’t allow for a collective data of forest progress as no concrete or standardized measurements towards sustainable forest management can be taken.

Also, ownership of the forests of the world aren’t clear – as diverse legal systems often remain in charge of these forests. This makes it difficult to outlaw or define when a local community is considered a resident of a forest land, and makes it hard to prevent forest degradation or deforestation. These legal systems will often not seek to protect the people who live in the forests for this reason. 

REDD+ does not halt corruption or carbon fraud, as the only places in the world known to have strong governance institutions regarding forests are Brazil and Costa Rica.

REDD+ does not have a proper plan or even an outlined method of how to be financed. If REDD+ cannot be properly financed, then REDD+ cannot help to establish better forest management or ultimately aid in the fight against climate change.

The cost to upkeep REDD+ is expected to increase, and it will continue to fluctuate depending on the world’s need for better forest management and as climate change continues to persevere as a global predicament. 

👉 Therefore, the management of REDD+ is also expected to become more difficult, and will require extra time and effort to monitor and adjust the REDD+ program. 

Is REDD+ ultimately beneficial to forest management and the environment?

REDD+ doesn’t only prevent climate change, but it also decreases the chances of deforestation and forest degradation. 

As a result, the encouragement of sustainable forest management allows developing countries and communities around the world to conserve water, prevent flooding, improve soil erosion, and ecosystems.

Ultimately, yes – REDD+ is great for the environment!

If reading this article about REDD+, deforestation, and reforestation has made you interested in reducing your carbon emission to further fight against climate change – Greenly can help you!

Making an effort to switch your company over to the values of a green business can be overwhelming, but don’t worry – Greenly is here to help. Click here to schedule a demo to see how Greenly can help you find ways to improve energy efficiency and decrease the dependency on fossil fuels in your own company. 

Greenly can help you make an environmental change for the better, starting with a carbon footprint assessment to know how much carbon emissions your company produces.


Click here to learn more about Greenly and how we can help you reduce your carbon footprint

Discover why the flight shaming urges reducing air travel due to its environmental impact.

What is flight shaming ?

Did you know that flight shaming came from Sweden? Flight shaming, or "flygskam,” became popular in 2018. The concept is simple: flight shaming encourages us to avoid flying due to its severe environmental impact. This has become a significant environmental movement poised to reduce the carbon footprint of air travel. Spearheaded by prominent activists like Greta Thunberg, the flight shaming movement has encouraged many to reconsider their flying habits even if they don’t ditch air travel altogether.
👉 In this article, we’ll define flight shaming, discuss how it impacts our behavior and thus the environment, examine actions airlines can take, and the new technologies making stepping up to the plate for a greener future.

Flight shaming emerged around 2018, largely due to Greta Thunberg’s activism. Her decision to sail across the Atlantic Ocean to attend the United Nations Climate Action Summit, rather than flying, was a stark illustration of the significant carbon emissions associated with air travel. Thunberg, then 16, delivered a speech drawing attention to the fact that climate change had hit a critical point. Her speech, combined with her sea voyage, attracted global attention. Disrupting our automatic reliance on air travel, Thunberg demonstrated an alternative option while making an unforgettable statement to global policy makers.

👉 What is flight shaming? Flight shaming is a practice of highlighting the environmental impact of air travel. It began in Sweden in 2018, and garnered global attention in 2019 following Greta Thunberg’s sea voyage to the United Nations Climate Action Summit.

Flight shaming encourages behavioral changes 

Flight shaming has played a crucial role in raising awareness about the environmental impact of air travel. In turn, increased awareness has led to a noticeable change in some individuals' travel habits. In Europe, this awareness has led to a phenomenon known as "train bragging," where individuals take pride in choosing trains over planes for their travel needs. Significantly, flight shaming does seem to work.

 A study conducted in Sweden revealed that 23% of respondents had reduced their air travel due to the influence of flight shaming, opting instead for more sustainable alternatives like trains or buses. While skipping flights isn’t always possible, raising awareness can encourage consumers to make a more eco-friendly choice. This shift is particularly significant in regions with well-developed public transportation and train networks that serve as a ready-made alternative to short-haul flights. 

As it influences consumer behavior, flight shaming plays a key role by driving demand for more sustainable travel options. By choosing airlines that prioritize environmental sustainability, supporting policies that promote green aviation, and opting for alternative modes of transportation when feasible, we can put pressure on stakeholders to take action to reduce emissions. 
Flight shaming has also led to concrete policy changes. Some governments have introduced measures to reduce short-haul flights that can be easily replaced by train travel. For example, France has implemented a ban on domestic flights on routes where a train journey of 2.5 hours or less is available. While connecting flights are unaffected, this measure helps to curb the aviation industry’s impact on the environment.

👉 Flight shaming can encourage different consumer behaviors, with individuals choosing ground transportation like trains and buses over short haul flights. Policymakers are taking notice, notably France—which banned domestic flights where train journeys of 2.5 hours or less are available.

How does air travel impact the environment? 

The aviation industry is responsible for about 2.8% of global CO2 emissions. In 2019, the industry shouldered 1.04 billion tonnes of a total 37.08 billion tonnes of global emissions. Beyond CO2 emissions, flights also contribute to climate change through other greenhouse gases and releasing water vapor at high altitudes. As air travel demand continues to increase, so does its impact on the environment. Flight shaming hopes to convince individuals to opt for more sustainable transport whenever possible, as this is considered one of the most difficult sectors to decarbonize. Aviation relies heavily on fossil fuels, and unless engineers, private sector stakeholders, and global governments invest in new technology, this is likely to continue. The industry is attempting to rise to the challenge, however, aiming to achieve net-zero emissions by 2050 through enhancing fuel efficiency, developing new sustainable fuels, and significantly investing in electric and hydrogen-powered aircraft solutions. 

Technology can take flight shaming to the next level

New technology can actually make flying less of a burden on our planet. The trick is that private and public sector stakeholders have to work together to invest in new ways of thinking about air travel. Innovations in aircraft designs, such as the development of more fuel-efficient engines and lighter materials, can contribute to lower emissions. The Flying-V aircraft, for example, is an innovative design that integrates the passenger cabin, cargo hold, and fuel tanks into the wings, resulting in a more aerodynamic and fuel-efficient aircraft. 

Electric and hybrid-electric aircraft are also being explored as potential solutions for reducing aviation emissions. While the idea of your flight running out of battery is enough to send shivers running down your spine, these planes actually use electric propulsion systems, which can significantly reduce or eliminate carbon emissions during flight. While still in the experimental stages, electric aviation has the potential to revolutionize the industry by providing a zero-emission alternative for short-haul flights. 

👉 New technology like the Flying V aircraft and hybrid-electric aircraft models can be eco-friendly options that airlines can invest in to make the aviation industry more sustainable.

Air travel plays a critical role in facilitating global connectivity, trade, and tourism. A significant reduction in air travel could lead to economic downturns, particularly in sectors and regions heavily reliant on tourism and international business. For remote areas and countries with limited alternative transportation options, air travel is often the only viable means of connectivity. Additionally, flights can be vital in emergency situations, such as medical evacuations. Rather than demonize the aviation industry as a whole, companies can work together with environmentalists, scientists, and policy makers to invest in new, greener technologies. 

For example, KLM has been investing in sustainable aviation fuels and exploring new aircraft designs such as the Flying-V, which aims to reduce fuel consumption by up to 20%. These initiatives reflect a growing recognition within the aviation industry of the need to address its environmental footprint. Implementing procedures to conserve fuel by optimizing flight routes, improving air traffic management, and reducing aircraft weight can make a huge difference. Similarly, offsetting carbon emissions through reforestation projects or investing in renewable energy can also help balance the environmental impact of air travel.

👉 Sometimes flying is necessary. Instead of demonizing airlines, we can all work together to create optimized flight paths, sustainable aviation fuels, and reducing aircraft weight to lessen the burden on the environment.

Despite its success in shaping consumer behavior, flight shaming does have its limits. Without collaboration from policy makers and private sector stakeholders in the aviation industry, flight shaming can only go so far. Critics argue that the movement places too much of a burden on consumers when activists should be putting pressure on governments and airlines instead. Additionally, flight shaming can lead to resistance or backlash when consumers feel judged. Flight shaming can have the opposite effect, leading to individuals resisting change in the face of criticism. 

Governments can play a crucial role in reducing aviation emissions by implementing regulatory measures that promote sustainability. Carbon pricing, for example, can incentivize airlines to adopt cleaner technologies and improve fuel efficiency. By assigning a cost to carbon emissions, carbon pricing encourages the aviation industry to reduce their carbon footprint and actually begin investing in sustainable alternatives. Additionally, stricter emissions standards for aircraft and incentives for airlines to use sustainable aviation fuels can help reduce the environmental impact of air travel. Sustainable aviation fuels, derived from renewable resources, have the potential to significantly lower carbon emissions compared to traditional jet fuels. Supporting the development and adoption of these new fuels through subsidies, grants, and research funding can accelerate the transition to greener aviation. These kinds of changes will have more of an impact than pressuring your neighbor not to fly to their next vacation! 

👉 Flight shaming can only go so far. Rather than place the blame on individuals, we should put pressure on the aviation industry to make these wide-scale changes for a greener future. Instituting carbon pricing and investing in sustainable aviation fuels can help.

Flight shaming highlights the importance of consumer behavior, encouraging everyone to think smarter for a greener tomorrow. While there are limits to what flight shaming alone can do for the environment, thinking about ways to make a more ecological choice on an individual scale can add up to a huge collective impact. 

At Greenly, we leverage these kinds of small shifts for a huge impact. We work with you to identify and lower your carbon footprint. Combining human analysis and innovative technology, Greenly creates personalized carbon accounting that is accessible to a wide range of companies no matter their size. Request a free demo with a member of our expert team to learn more about how to get started on your journey to help fight climate change. 

After seeking opportunities to put her various creative passions to good use, she joined Greenly in mid 2022 as SEO copywriter for the U.S. blog to provide her American perspective on the climate change issues we face today.

Stephanie Safdie - Greenly

Stephanie Safdie holds a bachelor's degree in English Language & Literature from the University of Maryland College Park, where she specialized in multimedia studies and media literacy to write engaging content made for the internet. She previously worked as a social media content video creator, freelance copywriter, and continues to write SEO generated content for her travel website. After seeking opportunities to put her various creative passions to good use, she joined Greenly in mid 2022 as SEO copywriter for the U.S. blog to provide her American perspective on the climate change issues we face today. Her work at Greenly covers a wide variety of topics, such as the impact of popular culture events on the environment, offering unique ideas for sustainable development, and breaking down new climate legislation in simple terms. As Stephanie is passionate about linking the bridge between the everyday activities we love to do (such as travel, concerts, fashion, food, etc.) and the effect it has on the environment, she is pursuing further training for more in-depth journalistic endeavors on the environment in the future.

Copywriter specializing in environmental thematics

Ines Gendre is a copywriter specializing in environmental issues. She joined Greenly's team in 2022.

Ines Gendre

Ines Gendre holds a master’s degree in marketing and began her career in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) industry. After retraining, she joined Greenly in 2022 as a copywriter specializing in environmental issues. Ines brings her expertise to companies and individuals seeking to understand the challenges of climate change, the green transition, and their impact on society and the economy. Trained in key tools for developing climate strategies - such as Carbon Assessments, Life Cycle Analysis (LCA), and carbon offsetting - she will begin studying political science at Oxford University in England in January 2025.

Kara joined the team at Greenly in 2023 as SEO copywriter for the UK market.

Kara Anderson - Greenly

Kara Anderson holds an undergraduate law degree and a master’s degree in international law from the University of Glasgow and the University of Aberdeen, specializing in human rights and EU law, where she developed strong research and writing skills. After working at Ernst & Young as part of their audit graduate scheme and gaining experience in analytics, she transitioned to advertising, working with major global brands like American Express and Dove.
In 2023, Kara joined Greenly as a writer, focusing on sustainability and climate-related topics for the UK market. Her work spans a wide range of environmental issues, including climate science, sustainable development, and climate policy. Collaborating with climate scientists, Kara has produced data-driven investigations into key climate challenges. With a passion for international politics, sustainable development, and climate change science, she continues to build her expertise in the field and is currently pursuing further training in journalism.

Ben Field, Climate Action Strategist at Patch

Quentin Bourhis, Climate Expert at Greenly

Matthieu Vegreville

Matthieu is a 28 year-old graduate engineer from Ecole Polytechnique and Télecom Paris, with a background in data science at Withings. While there, he worked on watch activity detection algorithms, and developed a health study activity so that connected objects could be used to better monitor certain pathologies. He has long been involved in data science projects with his brother, who has the same training. Faced with the urgency of the climate crisis, he decided to put his know-how at the service of the environment. 

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