The iPhone 14 will be released on September 16. But do you know the exact carbon footprint of an iPhone?

What is the Carbon Footprint of the iPhone?

<p id="">On September 16, the iPhone 14, the newest model of the iconic Apple range – will be released. An umpteenth version of a smartphone that is now part of our daily lives… To the point of forgetting that this small device in our pockets and bags also emits CO2.</p><p id="">What exactly is the iPhone’s carbon footprint? With the release of the new Apple’s smartphone, we decided to focus on its environmental impact. </p><p id="">‍</p><figure id="" class="w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center" data-rt-type="image" data-rt-align="center" data-rt-max-width=""><div id=""><img src="https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/6232f79b68d15d3d9b69c096/631f4d551a9d3252ea0ff490_empreinte-carbone-iphone.jpg" loading="lazy" id="" width="auto" height="auto"></div></figure><p id="">‍</p><h2 id="">What is the carbon footprint of an iPhone?</h2><blockquote id="">According to the Product Environmental Report published by Apple in September 2021, <strong id="">an iPhone emits a total of 64kg CO2e</strong>.</blockquote><p id="">It is important to note that this figure was specifically calculated for a model of iPhone 13, with a storage capacity of 128 GB. </p><p id="">This total amount of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions was also estimated using the Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) method. Concretely, this means that the total amount of emissions announced in this report normally includes all the emissions generated by an iPhone, throughout its life cycle (from the extraction of raw materials to destruction).</p><p id="">To compare, the carbon footprint of an iPhone 12 with the same storage capacity (128 GB) was 72kg CO2e.</p><blockquote id="">👉 To learn more about the Life Cycle Analysis of a product, do not hesitate to <a href="https://greenly.earth/en-us/blog/company-guide/everything-you-need-to-know-about-lca-life-cycle-analysis-in-2022" id="">read our article</a>.</blockquote><p id="">‍</p><h2 id="">Where do iPhone’s CO2 emissions come from?</h2><p id="">According to the report published by Apple:</p><ul id=""><li id="">81% of emissions would be related to production (extraction, production and transport of raw materials, but also manufacture, transport and assembly, plus packaging);</li></ul><ul id=""><li id="">16% of emissions would be usage-related (energy use is simulated in a variety of ways, for example, by modeling daily battery charging or the use of video or music applications);</li></ul><ul id=""><li id="">2% of emissions would be related to the transportation of the final product (air and marine, from the manufacturing site to regional distribution platforms);</li></ul><ul id=""><li id="">Less than 1% of emissions would be related to the “end-of-life” of the product (transportation from collection points to recycling sites, and the energy needed to separate and shred elements).</li></ul><p id="">‍</p><blockquote id="">💬 These calculations are made knowing that the estimated the duration of use for an iPhone is around 3 to 4 years (in accordance with the user data collected by the brand on similar products). In addition, the transport of products from distribution points to final customers was modeled using average distances. Finally, local differences in the mix feeding of power grids must be considered.</blockquote><blockquote id="">👉 For more details on the iPhone 13 “Product Environmental Report”, you can find it on Apple’s website by <a href="https://www.apple.com/environment/pdf/products/iphone/iPhone_13_PER_Sept2021.pdf" id="">clicking here</a>.</blockquote><p id="">‍</p><h2 id="">Why is the carbon footprint announced in the iPhone 13 “Product Environmental Report” underestimated?</h2><p id="">Considering the 64kg of CO2e announced by Apple, only 10kg would come from smartphone’s usage – more specifically, from charging the terminal. </p><p id="">An obvious question arises: what about the use of mobile data? </p><p id="">The Greenly experts investigated: given the data on the emissions induced by the 4G network in France, while considering an average mobile data consumption of 45 GB each month, <strong id="">50kg of CO2 would need to be added to the figures published in the Apple’s study</strong>. 👀</p><blockquote id="">Contrary to the estimates provided by the brand, <strong id="">the carbon emissions related to the use phase of an iPhone would amount to 60kg of CO2e</strong>.</blockquote><p id="">Besides, the colossal carbon footprint of data centers (physical infrastructures allowing to store and share data) should also be considered in this calculation, as they are terribly energy-intensive – because of their electricity consumption or need for air conditioning, for example.</p><p id="">Hosted internally, Apple’s iCloud service claims to be 67% carbon neutral. However, it should be noted that this estimate only takes into account scopes 1 and 2. While scope 3 is an essential variable in the calculation of the carbon footprint of any entity.</p><p id="">‍</p><figure id="" class="w-richtext-figure-type-image w-richtext-align-center" data-rt-type="image" data-rt-align="center"><div id=""><img src="https://uploads-ssl.webflow.com/6232f79b68d15d3d9b69c096/631f4d010b74027b5ab6eff1_iphone.jpg" loading="lazy" id="" width="auto" height="auto"></div></figure><p id="">‍</p><h2 id="">What is the carbon footprint of data stream?</h2><p id="">What about all the mobile data that we stream 24/7? <a href="https://t.sidekickopen01.com/s3t/c/5/f18dQhb0S7kF8c7YpqVRv9Zw59hl3kW7_k2841CXdp3VP1dqC2S0VpZW2bzNMH8H1z0h101?te=W3R5hFj4cm2zwW4mKLS-3ZWVWBW3K2-zv1JxwY5W1Lw3rh45LM6yW1LxLBV3K77BcF1GzP7WmLtP1&si=8000000005495252&pi=327ca282-180c-4621-bbc6-bb329182ee71" target="_blank" id="">Greenly</a>'s data science team computed the real weight of that data consumption</p><ul id=""><li id="">Over the course of the iPhone lifespan (3-4 years according to Apple), network use accounts for 2.16TB of mobile data. </li><li id="">Applying standard network emission factors, the electricity consumption of 4G or 5G networks is equal to 512 kWh of electricity.</li><li id="">In the US, 1 kWh of electricity represents 427g of CO2e on average. in France, 1 kWh represents 60g of CO2 per kWH because the energy is less carbon intensive.</li><li id="">So 512 kWH represents 220 kg of CO2e in the US, and roughly 50 kg of CO2 in France.</li><li id="">To this total, we would need to add 32.4 KG of CO2e related to the amortization of the mobile network for this amount of data.</li></ul><p id="">‍</p><h2 id="">What about the iPhone 14? </h2><p id="">This week, <a href="https://t.sidekickopen01.com/s3t/c/5/f18dQhb0S7kF8c7YpqVRv9Zw59hl3kW7_k2841CXdp3VP1dqC2S0VpZW2bzNMH8H1z0h101?te=W3R5hFj4cm2zwW4mKLS-3ZWVWBW3K2-zv1JxwY5W1Lw3rh45LM6yF1LvdzRmLcq1&si=8000000005495252&pi=327ca282-180c-4621-bbc6-bb329182ee71" target="_blank" id="">Apple</a> launched its new iPhone 14. </p><blockquote id="">💡 With 90M units hitting the market this year - at an average footprint of 61kg of CO2e per iPhone, the projected total footprint of the launch is 5,5 MT of CO2.</blockquote><p id="">Here is the carbon weight of each step of the phone's existence:</p><ul id=""><li id="">Components Sourcing &amp; Manufacturing: 79%</li><li id="">Shipping: 2%</li><li id="">Usage: 18%</li><li id="">End of Life: &lt;1%</li></ul><p id="">‍</p><p id="">According to the <a href="https://www.apple.com/environment/pdf/products/iphone/iPhone_14_PER_Sept2022.pdf" id="">new Apple’s Product Environmental Report</a>, using the iPhone makes up 18% of the total footprint over the product's life cycle (3-4 years). &nbsp;</p><blockquote id="">🧐 But is Apple's carbon footprint estimation correct? </blockquote><p id="">The answer is 'no'. <a href="https://t.sidekickopen01.com/s3t/c/5/f18dQhb0S7kF8c7YpqVRv9Zw59hl3kW7_k2841CXdp3VP1dqC2S0VpZW2bzNMH8H1z0h101?te=W3R5hFj4cm2zwW4mKLS-3ZWVWBW3K2-zv1JxwY5W1Lw3rh45LM6yW1LxLBV3K77BcF1GzP7WmLtP1&si=8000000005495252&pi=327ca282-180c-4621-bbc6-bb329182ee71" target="_blank" id="">Greenly</a> experts estimate that Apple is missing 80% of the iPhone's total climate impact. &nbsp;</p><blockquote id="">👉 Indeed, regarding the figures that should be considered on data stream, the real total footprint of the iPhone 14 should be 313kg over 4 years.</blockquote><p>However, it is important to underline that iPhone's carbon footprint is still decreasing.</p><p id=""><a href="https://t.sidekickopen01.com/s3t/c/5/f18dQhb0S7kF8c7YpqVRv9Zw59hl3kW7_k2841CXdp3VP1dqC2S0VpZW2bzNMH8H1z0h101?te=W3R5hFj4cm2zwW4mKLS-3ZWVWBW3K2-zv1JxwY5W1Lw3rh45LM6yF1LvdzRmLcq1&si=8000000005495252&pi=327ca282-180c-4621-bbc6-bb329182ee71" target="_blank" id=""><strong>Apple</strong></a><strong> is doing a much better job than most smartphone companies in disclosing its footprint.</strong> But if the most admired company in the world wants to set the exemple, it needs to go all the way and report its full indirect emissions (not just upstream, but also downstream emissions).</p><p>‍</p><h2 id="">3 tips to reduce the carbon footprint of your iPhone </h2><h3 id="">1. Using your iPhone responsibly</h3><p id="">One figure? On average, each French person stores between 10,000 and 50,000 emails. However, this data is not stored in a vacuum: it is stored in data centers, which generate 0.3% of global greenhouse gas emissions.</p><p id="">The right thing to do? Regularly sort your mailbox, keeping only the messages that are truly worth archiving.</p><p id="">If you want to significtly reduce the footprint created by your iPhone, <strong id="">try watching videos in moderate quality (480p) while using Wi-Fi, instead of streaming HD (1080p) on your 4G data</strong>.</p><p id="">‍</p><h3 id="">2. Get your iPhone fixed instead of discarded</h3><p id="">Unfortunately, we tend to believe that a smartphone should be changed at the slightest harm. </p><p id="">But it is not true.</p><p id="">Battery problem? Cracked screen? Change of camera? So many problems that can be handled thanks to repair shops. Do not hesitate to seek the advice of a professional!</p><p id="">Also, if you think you have the tools for this type of repair, you can also try to do it yourself. Many guides and tutorials are available. 💡</p><p id="">‍</p><h3 id="">3. Buy a refurbished iPhone</h3><p id="">If you want to contribute to reducing the environmental impact of our digital society, <strong id="">favoring the purchase of a </strong><a href="https://greenly.earth/en-us/blog/ecology-news/what-is-the-carbon-footprint-of-a-refurbished-phone" id=""><strong id="">refurbished phone</strong></a><strong id=""> is the best thing to do</strong>.</p><p id="">In addition to fighting global warming, you will save a significant amount of money – a refurbished smartphone costs on average 30 to 50% less than a new model.</p><blockquote id="">Be careful not to confuse a refurbished phone with a used phone. ⚠️ Unlike the latter, the refurbished phone is used, but it has been checked, repaired if necessary, and has had its memory erased. For this reason, it is 5 to 20% more expensive than a used phone, as it did not undergo a complete revision. </blockquote><p id="">‍</p><p id="">‍</p><p id=""><strong

Earth overshoot day is becoming more worrisome as each year passes. What is overshoot day about? Find out more about this term and what it implies.

Overshoot Day: What Does It Imply?

In 2024, overshoot day will occur on July 25th – roughly five months before the end of the year.

Overshoot Day is impossible to miss, as every year – the media announces this fateful date, and it draws closer each year. 

At this point, you may be wondering what Earth Overshoot Day, or EOD, is – essentially, Overshoot Day is an indicator and testimony to the pressure exerted by man on the planet. Of course, global warming is massively illustrated by the surplus of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions released into the atmosphere – but it is also represented by the depletion of natural resources.

In this article, we'll explain what Overshoot Day is, the causes of this ecological deficit, and how we manage to finally push back this date.

Overshoot Day symbolizes the date on which humanity has consumed all the resources that the planet can regenerate in one year. Some examples associated with overshoot day include how in one year, humanity catches so many fish – that the fish species don't have time to reproduce. Another example is when we cut trees faster than they can grow. 

Therefore, Overshoot Day day perfectly demonstrates the pressure humans are putting on the  planet – and depicts how our way of life is far too greedy to be sustained by the natural resources we have available.

This year, Earth Overshoot Day falls on 1 August. It means we’ve already used a whole planet’s worth of resources this year. We are over overfishing, over harvesting, over consuming and over polluting more than our planet can sustain.

We can all make a difference to move the date for Earth Overshoot Day and create a sustainable future.

Find out what your ecological footprint is and how you can reduce it today. http://www.wwf.org.au/get-involved/ch...

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What is Earth Overshoot Day? 🌏☄️ | WWF-Australia

On Overshoot Day, humanity is merely living off of credit – virtually the same way someone uses a credit card without having sufficient funds in their bank account. The same goes for humans on Overshoot Day: using resources that are otherwise unavailable. 

This can beg the question – have we ever noticed a net decrease of our ecosystems? Truthfully, the depletion of resources has been noticeable since the industrial revolution that took place in the 19th century, but has dramatically worsened over the last 50 year. Essentially, if we didn't over consume the planet's resources, the Overshoot Day wouldn't even exist – the same way that if people didn't spend money they didn't have, no one would ever go into debt.

👉 Overshoot Day will continue to prove prominent and relevant, as the forecasts are far from good – seeing as by 2050, humanity  will "require" twice as many natural resources to meet its needs in comparison to 2020. The availability of these resources by then is looking more sparse by the day. 

Every year, the American NGO Global Footprint Network uses more than 3 million pieces of statistical data, spanning around 200 countries, to calculate Overshoot Day. After this is done, Overshoot Day can then be calculated by dividing Earth's biocapacity by the average ecological footprint created – and then by multiplying this result by 365, or how many days are in a year. 

The main goal of Overshoot Day is to raise awareness regarding the limited availability and regeneration of our natural resources, and to encourage humanity to measure the impact of its consumption on our ecosystems.

In case that didn't make sense, let's break it down further:

Calculating Overshoot Day isn't all that complicated. In fact, all that is needed to calculate Overshoot Day is to divide humanity's ecological footprint, or their annual consumption of ecological resources, by the planet's biocapacity – or the amount of resources that can be regenerated, as well as the amount of waste that can be absorbed in a year. 

💡 Please note: both of these figures are expressed in global hectares and are calculated based on the National Footprint Accounts.

Using all this data, the American NGO also estimated the number of planets that would be needed to compensate for our excessive consumption of resources – and they found out in 2022 that we would need 1.75 Earths to meet our current level of consumption. This is equivalent to 74% more resources than what our ecosystems currently provide.

What's causing Overshoot Day to be so early?

There are several reasons why Overshoot Day continues to arrive earlier every year, such as increased greenhouse gas emissions created by human activity, more intensive agricultural practices, excess fishing, and deforestation.

As humans continue to engage in excessive and carbon intensive activities, Overshoot Day is likely to continue arriving closer and closer each year.

Here are some of the reasons why Overshoot Day arrives earlier each year:

Intensive Agriculture and Fishing Practices

Half of the Earth's biocapacity is used to feed us, and therefore – as our global human population continues to skyrocket, these resources will become even more sparse. In fact, according to the United Nations by 2100, there could be 11.2 billion people living on Earth – proving how we need to curate more sustainable patterns today.

Intensive agriculture and fishing practices contribute to:

Using too many resources, such as animals, but also natural resources – since agriculture consumes 70% of drinking water worldwide;

Contributes to deforestation, soil destruction, biodiversity depletion, marine ecosystem imbalance and atmospheric pollution.

💡 Lastly, these two modes of production lead to the depletion of biological resources. Therefore, over exploitation must give way to sustainable agriculture and fishing that is more respectful of the environment.

Ultimately, the WWF suggests slashing meat consumption in half, to push back the excessive fishing by 17 days, and to decrease global food waste by 50% worldwide to help push back this same date by 13 days.

The loss of global forest biocapacity has a direct impact on global  warming. By cutting down trees, humanity is robbing the planet of its natural carbon sinks. 

Remember, while trees absorb a portion of CO2 throughout their lifetime – once they've been cut down, they release all of the carbon dioxide emissions they've accumulated directly into the atmosphere. This further compromises our already questionable air quality and further impacts our already existing air pollution crisis.

Furthermore, deforestation impacts biodiversity, reduces the supply of food and raw materials, prevents the regulation of the water cycle, impacts our quality of life, and more.

💡 Did you know that every year, 100,000 km² of forest are destroyed, threatening millions of animal and plant species? 

Ultimately, forest conservation must be a priority. That's why WWF wants to reforest 350 million hectares of forests to help postpone Overshoot Day by eight days.

We generate more emissions than the earth's natural carbon sinks are able to absorb in a year. These natural carbon sinks mostly consist of forests and oceans. 

As a result, according to "Earth Overshoot Day," the carbon footprint for Overshoot Day in 2023 represented 61% of humanity's ecological footprint.

Evidently, since the industrial revolution – our GHG emissions have been steadily piling up in the atmosphere. Unsurprisingly, human activities, such as the extraction, burning and use of fossil fuels, emit a large portion of these greenhouse gases. 

In 2021, CO2 emissions reached 36.4 billion tons.

In 2023, CO2 emissions reached 37.4 billion tons of carbon dioxide emissions – an all time high for the planet.

Beyond accelerating global warming, the industry also participates in the depletion of natural resources. For example, fossil fuel reserves are melting away. 

‍💡 In order to rectify the amount of emissions contributing to Overshoot Day, the WWF recommends reducing humanity's carbon footprint by 50% to push back Overshoot Day by 93 days – equivalent to three months.

The best way to postpone Overshoot Day is to reduce the consumption of natural resources involves slowing down our current economic model. Therefore, we need to transition from the use of an unsustainable model of over consumption to a sustainable model – which is a circular economy.

Essentially, the best way to ensure Overshoot Day is postponed every year would be to encourage our society to make do with less – and to vouch for the infamous saying, "less is more" – as in terms of Overshoot Day, it is!

Postponing Overshoot Day is possible by protecting the environment while ensuring the well-being of individuals relies on sustainable production, reasoned consumption and efficient waste management. 

This may seem like an overwhelming agenda, but there are several ways to approach delaying Overshoot Day, such as by:

Eco-designing products by taking into account the life cycle of the product or service to determine both their environmental and social impact;

Limiting food and resource waste – seeing as every year, one third of the food produced in the world for human consumption around 1.3  billion tons of food per year, is wasted;

Extending the life of objects (reuse, repair, belly up, rent and buy second-hand), in order to reduce the extraction of natural resources and, by extension, the extraction of resources – which is a polluting process. This can also be known as upcycling;

If an item is beyond repair but doesn't need to be thrown away, remain mind of recycling waste.

The ocean absorbs 30% of our carbon emissions, making it the most important carbon sink in the world – but it is obviously not the only one. 

Several actions can be taken to safeguard our natural carbon sinks:

Preserve existing carbon sinks and create artificial sinks through new technologies;

Restore forests that have been over exploited (those converted to cattle ranching, for example);

Reforesting tropical forests (which capture more CO2 and act as a barrier to floods  and hurricanes in coastal urban areas in the tropics and sub-tropics);

Fighting ocean acidification through sustainable fishing.

With a goal in mind to limit global temperature from exceeding 2°C by the end of  the century and achieving carbon neutrality by 2050 – decarbonizing  the economy seems inevitable, but there are approachable ways for all of us to successfully work towards this goal. 

For instance, switching to the use of renewable energies is one of the best ways to limit rising worldwide temperatures. This is one of the objectives set by the United Nations. Thus, the share of renewable energy in the global energy mix should be increased by 2030.  

👉 In addition to this, we must do without fossil fuels, especially in our production processes – as this remains one of the most detrimental components to Overshoot Day and global warming as a whole.

Overall, Overshoot Day is a reminder of how we are treating the planet – and it still isn't too late to turn it all around. We can all make a difference, whether in our daily lives or as a cog in the machine of a big company, to delay Overshoot Day and protect our planet from the negative effects of global warming.

If reading this article about Overshoot Day has made you interested in reducing your carbon emissions to further fight against climate change – Greenly can help you!

At Greenly we can help you to assess your company’s carbon footprint, and then give you the tools you need to cut down on emissions. We offer a free demo for you to better understand our platform and all that it has to offer – including assistance with boosting supplier engagement, personalized assistance, and new ways to involve your employees.

Click here to learn more about Greenly and how we can help you reduce your carbon footprint. 

Antarctica's temperature trends show alarming increases, but how do temperature trends in Antarctica impact sea levels and ecosystems?

Antarctica Temperature Trends

Cold, dry, and windy, Antarctica temperature trends have a significant impact on the continent’s climate and sea levels. Unprecedented temperature jumps are legitimate causes for alarm. Researchers at the East Antarctic plateau’s Concordia station registered the then-largest temperature jump on March 18th 2022, recording a temperature rise of  38.5°C above its seasonal average. Over the past 50 years, temperatures have been rising, leading to significant changes. Notably, the Western Antarctic Peninsula has warmed by almost 3°C since 1950, which is higher than anywhere else in the Southern Hemisphere. While 3°C might seem like a slight increase, this doesn’t bode well for our planet. 

Aligned with this temperature jump, upper ocean temperatures are also increasing, with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current warming more rapidly than other oceans. As the region warms, ice loss and ocean heat waves will become increasingly frequent. Winter ice formation is already at its lowest level on record. With sea ice formation experiencing record lows since 2017, sea levels will likely be impacted, as well as biodiversity on the continent. What does this mean for the future of Antarctica temperature? As we reckon with the global impact of Climate Change, Antarctica temperature trends become key indicators of how desperately we need to change. 

👉 In this article, we’ll examine the current state of antarctic temperature trends, identify what’s driving the change, and the impact on our ecosystems. 

Antarctica temperature fluctuation leads to ice loss

Antarctica temperature variability over the past few decades reveals a complex and concerning picture. According to recent Copernicus satellite data, February 2024 saw sea ice extent and sea ice area values close to historical lows, closely aligning with predictive models. This reduction in sea ice underscores the accuracy of current forecasting systems and signals the rapid ice loss occurring in the Antarctic region. Why is this significant? 

The ice reduction is an unprecedented change, showing a distinct departure from previous ice formation patterns dropping below 2 million square kilometers for only the second time since 1974. Later ice formation, smaller areas of coverage, and earlier melting signals alarming consequences for the Antarctic ecosystem and global climates

East Antarctica experienced a dramatic heatwave in March 2022. As temperatures soared above seasonal averages, driven by a record-breaking atmospheric river. This extreme event saw temperatures soar far above average, reaching unprecedented levels for the region. Additionally, as Antarctic sea ice plays a vital role in ocean circulation and carbon absorption, ice loss has the potential for big picture consequences. Most significantly, Antarctic sea ice showed a slightly increasing trend in contrast to the clear decline observed in Arctic sea ice. However, the sudden sea ice loss following 2016 leaves scientists concerned. Researchers are addressing these rapid changes with new modeling and ongoing monitoring to identify and correct underlying causes. 

👉 What are current antarctica temperature measurements? The continent is experiencing ongoing warming, with a 3°C temperature increase that is significantly higher than global averages. This leads to sea ice loss, which has drastic impacts on ecosystems, sea levels, and carbon absorption.

What’s driving Antarctic temperature change?

Several factors contribute to the observed temperature changes in Antarctica. Atmospheric rivers, which are narrow corridors of concentrated moisture in the atmosphere, have been identified as major drivers of extreme weather events in Antarctica. These atmospheric rivers can transport large amounts of heat and moisture to polar regions, causing dramatic temperature spikes and contributing to ice melt. For example, the March 2022 heatwave in East Antarctica was driven by an atmospheric river, showing just how significant these can be for Antarctic temperatures. 

Oceanic conditions around Antarctica also play a critical role in temperature changes. The Southern Ocean, which surrounds the continent, has been warming, with this heat being transferred to ice shelves and glaciers, accelerating their melting. This warming is partly due to changes in ocean currents, which are influenced by broader climate patterns such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation. The complex interplay between atmospheric and oceanic conditions necessitates sophisticated models to accurately predict future temperature trends and their impacts.

Greenhouse gas emissions are also at play, as increasing CO2 levels are impacting the Antarctic temperature. The Antarctic ozone hole also has an effect on the continent's climate. As stratospheric ozone concentrations fell, temperatures above Antarctica dropped, creating a larger temperature difference between the tropics and the Antarctic. Moreover, the westerly winds traveling over the Southern Ocean have increased by 15%, shifting the Antarctic temperature. 

👉 Atmospheric rivers, ocean conditions, and the westerly winds are responsible for Antarctic temperature changes.

Antarctic temperature rise also impacts ecosystems. Reductions in sea ice, which is crucial for wildlife, could lead animals on the path towards endangerment. Wildlife implications include penguins, seals, and krill. Emperor penguins particularly rely on sea ice for breeding and raising their young. Ice loss has the potential to significantly reduce breeding. As sea ice melts, a necessary habitat is threatened, disrupting the Antarctic ecosystem. Krill similarly relies on sea ice. While krill may seem like a small fish, pun intended, their numbers impact the species that feed on them: whales, seals, and sea birds. Even worse, as the ice melts, this can release ancient carbon stored within permafrost and ice. These ice melts can disrupt ecosystems on a larger scale. By adding to the effects of global warming, the release of these ancient carbon stores can accelerate climate impacts. 

👉 Ice melts have the additional impact of disrupting wildlife ecosystems and possibly releasing ancient carbon stored within.

Predictive modeling for tracking Antarctic temperatures involves a combination of advanced techniques and data sources to improve the accuracy and reliability of forecasts. Climate models can show predictions about future climate change, allowing us to act in order to mitigate adverse effects. Recent innovation shows various opportunities for understanding datasets relating to Antarctica temperature. advancements in deep learning and other predictive technologies have improved the reliability of these forecasts, offering better tools for understanding and anticipating changes in the Antarctic climate. Here are some key methods and tools used in this field:

Climate Modeling - Climate models are essential for making quantitative estimates of how Antarctic climate may change over the 21st century. These models incorporate various climate variables and interactions between the atmosphere, ocean, ice, and land to simulate future climate scenarios. They are particularly useful for understanding long-term trends and potential impacts of climate change on Antarctic temperatures.

Machine Learning - Machine learning techniques, such as Long Short-Term Memory networks, have been employed to predict Antarctic temperatures. These models can handle time series data effectively, making them suitable for predicting temperature variations more quickly and accurately than traditional models.

Numerical Weather Prediction Models - The Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System is an example of a numerical weather prediction model that provides high temporal and spatial resolution data for Antarctic temperatures. These models use real-time data and sophisticated algorithms to predict short-term weather patterns and temperature changes.

Satellite Datasets - Earth Observation satellite data is crucial for monitoring remote and harsh environments like Antarctica. The AntAir ICE dataset, for example, uses MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) skin temperature data to model near-surface air temperatures. This dataset offers a daily temporal resolution and a high spatial resolution of 1 km, providing detailed insights into local temperature variations and extremes.

Historical Data Reconstruction - Long-term reconstructions of Antarctic temperatures using molecular fossils and machine learning provide insights into past climate conditions and help improve future predictions. These studies highlight the importance of both climatic and non-climatic drivers in the stability of Antarctic ice sheets and the potential tipping points related to atmospheric CO2 levels.

👉 Predictive modeling can compare historical data trends with future shifts.

Addressing the challenges posed by rising temperatures in Antarctica requires a multifaceted approach. Reducing greenhouse gas emissions globally is key to slowing the rate of warming. This includes transitioning to renewable energy sources, enhancing energy efficiency, and implementing policies that promote sustainable practices. International cooperation is essential for effective mitigation and adaptation. Geoengineering technology like carbon capture and storage, and solar radiation management could help, but require consistent monitoring to prevent unintended climate impacts. However, the Antarctic Treaty System, which regulates international cooperation concerning Antarctica, plays a vital role in coordinating scientific research and conservation efforts.

👉 The Antarctic Treaty System encourages international collaboration and research, allowing nations to come together to tackle issues like Antarctica temperature shifts and protect vulnerable ecosystems. 

Predictive modeling and data tracking puts crucial information in the hands of decision makers. By measuring the impact of various drivers, we are able to calculate small shifts with large positive impacts.

Greenly works with you to identify and lower your carbon footprint. Combining human analysis and innovative technology, Greenly creates personalized carbon accounting that is accessible to a wide range of companies no matter their size. Request a free demo with a member of our expert team to learn more about how to get started on your journey to help fight climate change. 

In this article, we'll explain what an ecological footprint is, how it can be calculated, and the best ways to mitigate a poor ecological footprint.

Your Ecological Footprint: How to Calculate It & Why It Matters

It's true that most of our every day actions have an impact on the environment, and that one way or another – we all contribute to a global ecological footprint.

An "ecological footprint", refers to one's true ecological self-awareness – as many of our lifestyle and daily activities are far from being harmless for the planet. 

The proof is in the pudding, as Earth overshoot day advances a little more each year. For example, on July 29, humanity consumed all the resources that the Earth is able to regenerate in one year as a result of the pressure that mankind exerts on the environment – such as with our increase in industrialization habits and excess consumerism. 

An ecological footprint refers to the ecological resources consumed by an individual person or community and how their carbon footprint, carbon dioxide production, and overall ecological footprint calculations have an impact on their surrounding environment. 

💡 According to the Global Footprint Network, we are all able to grasp the ecological footprint concept by seeking to understand our impact on the environment, by measuring the amount of global hectares of biologically productive land needed to ensure our current resource consumption.

The main goal of the Global Footprint Network is to help share tips to help in measuring sustainability, boost sustainable development, and ensure the human population remains biologically productive in avoiding the use of fossil fuels, an ecological deficit, emitting excess greenhouse gas emissions, or exceeding our current ecological reserve.

Our human activities consume resources and produce waste. The ‘Ecological Footprint’ is a way to measure our human demand for nature.

The Ecological Footprint Explained

Here's everything you need to know about ecological footprints:

The ecological footprint (also called "environmental footprint", is an indicator developed by the Global Footprint Network to determine humanity's ecological footprint.

Therefore, an ecological footprint analysis can help us to better understand our unsustainable consumption of natural resources, our carbon footprints, ecological overshoot, the impact carbon emissions has on the human economy, and more.

👉 An ecological footprint determines the amount of raw materials consumed and the amount of harmful substances (such as waste generated, carbon dioxide emissions or greenhouse gasses) generated by human activities, which are then released into the atmosphere and contribute to humanity's total ecological footprint.

Calculating an ecological footprint has never been more imperative, as human beings continue to create deleterious ecological footprint measures on the entire planet. 

The more we seek to engage with ecological footprint accounting, the more we can work to protect biologically productive area, avoid new, built up land area, protect fishing grounds, grazing land, capita consumption, and how many resources we consume on behalf of national footprint accounts.

💡 In short, the more we consume, the more resources we use and the more we pollute – such as by driving cars more frequently that contributes to an increase in air pollution or failing to protect our fragile water resources.

The environmental footprint is calculated in terms of the number of planets or land area (better referred to in ecological footprint accounting as global hectares). This works to determine how much space we need to support our current lifestyle. 

This calculation can be done on an individual, national or planetary scale. 

It would take 1.7 planets to meet our current consumption habits;

On average, a European needs the equivalent of 9 soccer fields (or 4.5 gha hectares) to meet their needs;

On average, an American needs the equivalent 5.1 earths, or 8.1 gha hectares to meet their needs.

Here's a table to compare and contrast the amount of resources needed for countries to meet their needs on a global scale per global hectare and how many planets are required to suffice their particular lifestyle:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
    <title>Earths Needed</title>
    <style>
        table {
            width: 100%;
            border-collapse: collapse;
        }
        th, td {
            border: 1px solid #ddd;
            padding: 8px;
            text-align: left;
        }
        th {
            background-color: #f2f2f2;
        }
        .earths {
            display: flex;
            align-items: center;
        }
        .earths img {
            width: 20px;
            height: 20px;
            margin-right: 2px;
        }
    </style>
</head>
<body>
    <h2>How many Earths would we need if everyone lived like U.S.A. residents?</h2>
    <table>
        <thead>
            <tr>
                <th>Country</th>
                <th>Earths Needed</th>
                <th></th>
            </tr>
        </thead>
        <tbody>
            <tr>
                <td>U.S.A.</td>
                <td>5.1</td>
                <td class="earths">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Australia</td>
                <td>4.5</td>
                <td class="earths">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Russia</td>
                <td>3.4</td>
                <td class="earths">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Germany</td>
                <td>3.0</td>
                <td class="earths">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Japan</td>
                <td>2.9</td>
                <td class="earths">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Portugal</td>
                <td>2.9</td>
                <td class="earths">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>France</td>
                <td>2.8</td>
                <td class="earths">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Spain</td>
                <td>2.8</td>
                <td class="earths">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Switzerland</td>
                <td>2.8</td>
                <td class="earths">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Italy</td>
                <td>2.7</td>
                <td class="earths">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>U.K.</td>
                <td>2.6</td>
                <td class="earths">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>China</td>
                <td>2.4</td>
                <td class="earths">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Brazil</td>
                <td>1.6</td>
                <td class="earths">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>India</td>
                <td>0.8</td>
                <td class="earths">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>World</td>
                <td>1.7</td>
                <td class="earths">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                    <img src="earth.jpg" alt="Earth">
                </td>
            </tr>
        </tbody>
    </table>
</body>
</html>


In the end, whichever way you cut it – we evidently over-exploiting the Earth's resources, to such an extent that nature has started to find it more and more difficult to regenerate itself. 

👉 Even if it seems on the surface that there is no ray of hope in the midst of this gloomy picture, the truth is – we are all able to reverse these negative ecological footprint trends by changing our behavior.

What factors are used to calculate our ecological footprint?

Some of the factors used to calculate our ecological footprint include our food, our housing (in terms of surface and energy), our consumption of goods and services, or our modes of transport have an impact on the environment. 

In other words, our daily life itself is likely to contribute to pollution – as we are not aware of the environmental impact of many of our choices. This being said, some activities still remain more harmful than others – such as the choice of our means of transportation, as this is still a sector around the world which continues to contribute to excess GHG emissions as it requires the use of fossil fuel.

Remember: the over-exploitation of resources and the waste produced by humans have serious consequences on the planet, and on its mechanisms – such as the regeneration of natural resources, biologically productive areas, absorption and rejection of waste, wastes generated, and more.

💡 In short, an ecological footprint is the ratio between consumption and biocapacity (i.e. the earth’s ability to produce the resources we are demanding from it) – and it is calculated by measuring the things we eat, buy, and do in our daily lives.

What is the difference between an ecological footprint and a carbon footprint?

People often use the terms "ecological footprint" and "carbon footprint, but beware – the two terms are not one in the same, as a carbon footprint specifically refers to the carbon dioxide or greenhouse gas emissions emitted by an individual or nation, whereas an ecological footprint refers to the amount of land area needed to sustain the particular lifestyle of that region.

💡 In addition to this, be careful not to confuse carbon footprint and environmental footprint. 

These two calculation methods have in common that they raise awareness of one's environmental impact (one's CO2 emissions, in particular), as well as the need to start a real energy transition. 

Nevertheless, these two footprints do not reflect the same information:

The carbon footprint is calculated in CO₂ and quantifies the GHG emissions of an individual, a population or an activity;

The ecological footprint is calculated in surface area (global hectares or number of planets) and measures the surface area necessary for the consumption of an individual, a population or an activity.

Why should you calculate your environmental footprint? 

The Global Footprint Network determines the exact date of Overshoot Day, based on the environmental footprint on a national and/or global scale. 

In short, this is the date from which the planet's annual resources are exhausted. 

👉 Remember, as of Overshoot Day – we also exceed the amount of greenhouse gas emissions that our ecosystem is able to naturally eliminate over the span of one, single year. 

For several years, we have been talking about an ecological deficit, since our environmental impact exceeds the planet's available footprint and biocapacity. Even more alarming, this date comes earlier and earlier, as time goes by (July 28th, 2022, August 2nd, 2023, etc.). This means that from midsummer on, humanity is living on credit – the same way someone with a credit card but no money in their bank account continues purchasing things they can't actually afford. 

Luckily, calculating our ecological footprint allows us to identify bad practices and fix them moving forward – and can help a brand to work on the development of a more sustainable business model as well. Ultimately, this can facilitate a greater pool or resources and wealth to share long-term.

Calculating your environmental footprint: benefits and estimation tools

To adopt sustainable behavior, it is important to take stock beforehand – meaning it is crucial to understand your personal footprint, how human enterprise contributes to waste production, and how humanity's demand (especially in densely populated areas) cannot keep up with the current land and water available. 

💡 After all, how can you change your lifestyle, without knowing what further improvements can be made? 

This is exactly why calculating your ecological footprint can help to better understand the difference between demand versus supply, and how many countries and the world are living in delusion – believing that the Earth has an infinite ability to conduct regenerative capacity behavior, when in reality – more carbon dioxide will do nothing but continue to raise our global footprints

Tools to calculate your environmental footprint 

There are several environmental footprint calculators. These tools usually take the form of a questionnaire divided into several parts: food, place of living, modes of transport used, etc. 

According to the answers provided, the tool determines the GHG emissions generated by these consumption habits, and then suggests some areas of improvement intended to promote the transition to a more ecological lifestyle. 

Examples include the Global Footprint Network calculator, the ADEME calculator, and the WWF calculator. 

👉 However, if we were to pick our favorite based on trying to calculate your personal ecological footprint – we would have to go with the WWF Calculator. This is because the WWF Calculator offers exceptional data quality as it is made to be used for those residing in the United Kingdom.

5 ways to easily reduce your ecological footprint

It's more than possible to reduce our global ecological footprint, but this can only be done when we target the individual changes that need to be made – which is why almost everyone can benefit not only their own lives by taking an ecological footprint test, but help humans and other species in the world to ensure biocapcitiy remains full on the supply side of things.

Wondering about some of the ways you can reduce your negative impact on the environment? 

Here are just a few of our eco-tips to help reduce your ecological footprint:

This first point is surely the most important, since it is one of the main contributors to the ecological footprint – as road trips and short haul flights continue to take the world by storm. 

💡 Did you know that the transportation sector in the U.S. created 1.86 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide emissions in 2023 alone?

Unsurprisingly, airplanes and diesel (or gasoline) cars are the most polluting modes of transportation. In light of this observation, it is advisable to try to reduce your ecological footprint via transportation – such as by opting for cycling, walking and public transport (metro, bus or train) whenever available. 

If it is impossible to leave the car in the garage, carpooling and the electric cars (EVs) are viable alternatives to limit CO₂ emissions. 

👉 However, this doesn't mean that you need to give up carbon-intensive means of traveling, such as flying, altogether – seeing as some trips to distant countries leave no other alternatives. In this case, there is no need to kick ourselves for emitting a high carbon footprint, as it's easier than you think to compensate for the CO₂  emitted during this trip.

This can be done by simply observing the aspects of your daily life on which you could make valuable GHG savings, before and after your trip – in the same way you'll eat very little before going to a potluck party.

Here, the advantage is twofold: in addition to acting for the planet, you can cut back on your electricity bill by implementing energy efficiency! 

This happens, first of all, by reducing the environmental impact of your heating and cooling.

💡 In fact, electric boilers and coal-powered energy emit 20 times more emissions in comparison to solar panels, photovoltaic installations or heat pumps. In addition, electric heating wastes 6 times more energy than a heat pump.

In order to reduce their energy consumption, homeowners can invest in the installation of new equipment, giving priority to the use of renewable energy. Tenants can send a letter to their landlord to request the installation of a green alternative and good thermal insulation. 

On average, the unused rooms should be kept at a temperature of 15 to 18 °C to help saving on electricity consumption, with rooms constantly in use (such as the living room) should be heated to no more than 21 degrees.

Be sure not to leave water consumption out! Roughly speaking, a single-person U.K. household uses 149 liters of water per day (washing machine, shower, toilet flush and dishwasher). 

Therefore, it would be wise to use water wisely by not leaving the tap running when brushing your teeth, for example. This could mean taking showers instead of baths and not running the laundry machine or dishwasher half empty.

In the U.K., Brits throw away an average of 80 million usable food items per week – when some, if not all of it, could be either recycled, upcycled, or composted

Optimise recycling, to offer a second life to waste and avoid the extraction of new natural resources ;

Buy less or second-hand – such as at a thrift store.

More than half of Brits eat meat every day, with only 3% claiming that they never consume meat. While meat isn't the worst thing on the planet – we've discovered that isn't the way to reducing your ecological footprint, either.

In order to reduce this rate, we need to rethink our consumption on an individual scale to avoid global food waste.  

💡 A little tip: foods marked "best before" can be eaten a few days after the expiration date. 

In the same way, consuming in a sustainable way implies the adoption of certain good practices:

reducing meat consumption to adopt a flexitarian, vegetarian or even vegan diet;

making it a priority to purchase organic, local and seasonal products, as well as short circuits, rather than imported products and prepared meals to be kept in the freezer. 

Remember, 1 kilogram of beef produces almost 100 kilograms of carbon dioxide equivalent (kg CO₂ equivalence factors), meaning that seeking to reduce your meat consumption and eating local, seasonal produce could make a dramatic difference in your ecological footprint.

5. Remaining Aware of Your Surrounds & The Rebound Effect

The rebound effect (also known as Jevons' paradox) is a particularly frustrating paradox. 

There are two types: the direct effect and the indirect effect.

In the first case, the efforts made lead to disastrous results. This is the case, for example, when we over consume an alternative initially considered better than the initial solution – such as when someone eats more of a low-calorie snack because they are lower in fat to begin with, when in reality – you're consuming the same amount, if not more, of calories.

💡 The most popular ecological example is the use of LED bulbs, as their low environmental impact intrigues consumers to leave them on for long periods of time. The result is that this neglect negates all the efforts made, causing an even more negative impact than the original problem.

In the second case (the indirect rebound effect), a series of good practices is adopted, the results of which are then completely canceled out by a given action.  For example, this may happen when you make good efforts on your daily energy consumption, only until you buy a brand new diesel car.

👉 Therefore, it is crucial to remain mindful every step of the journey to reduce your ecological impact and to be critical of all of your actions.

Overall, there are many ways to get started in reducing your ecological footprint – and it could not only help you to live a more sustainable, fulfilling life – but the planet, too.

If reading this article about ecological footprint has made you interested in reducing your carbon emissions to further fight against climate change – Greenly can help you!

At Greenly we can help you to assess your company’s carbon footprint, and then give you the tools you need to cut down on emissions. We offer a free demo for you to better understand our platform and all that it has to offer – including assistance with boosting supplier engagement, personalised assistance, and new ways to involve your employees.

Click here to learn more about Greenly and how we can help you reduce your carbon footprint.

In this article, we'll explain in depth what plastic is, why plastic is bad for the environment and the ocean, and solutions to mitigate the use and overall impact of plastic.

Why is Plastic Bad for the Environment?

Plastic is a material that is deeply intertwined with our modern lives. Plastic exists in nearly every industry, from food to cars to footwear to space equipment – but we talk about it as both being incredibly useful and dangerous for species worldwide, as it contributes to plastic waste, plastic pollution, plastic debris, plastic packaging waste, and plastic waste generation. The plastics industry is notorious for being bad for the environment.

💡 What is plastic, and why is the manufacturing process for plastic produced makes harmful to the earth and human health?

Plastic is a material that can be shaped or molded easily and can be synthetic, semisynthetic, or natural – which can then be molded into a wide variety of materials. 

💡 Plastic is extremely malleable due to the fact that it's made up of polymers, making it easier to cut through in addition to it's low melting point. 

At the molecular level, polymers are long chains of individual monomer links which bond easily to each  other. Polymers are also so bulky that they don't stack together well. This results in a compound that:

Once a completely natural product, much of today's plastic is man-made and largely dependent upon fossil fuels. From polymers to nurdles, learn how plastic is created and what we can do to slow the lasting repercussions this material will have on both our planet and our lives.
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Plastics 101 | National Geographic

How is plastic used in the plastics industry?

💡 In comparison to other materials, such as metal or glass, plastic is usually lighter and more flexible – seeing as plastic is able to achieve a feasible glass transition temperature (Tg) which allows for soft, flexible, and even rubber like state materials to be made. 

This makes global plastic production particularly useful for a wide range of purposes, and is precisely why the plastic industry has found so much success in creating beverage containers for several other industries, such as with:

plastic additives or other commodity plastics (such as plastic films used for new containers or shipping products like food packaging)

👉 However, the problem with fully synthetic plastic is that it doesn't contain any molecules from our natural environment – meaning that engineering plastics like these requires even more industrial activity, which results in even more emissions.

Luckily, most plastic items are recyclable – seeing as plastic can be melted and then reshaped, so most plastics can be heated until they can be formed into something else. Knowing this about the recycling process helps explain why it's bad to throw a banana peel in your recycling bin – it could get heated in with the plastic, rendering the reformed banana-plastic useless.  

Where do plastic materials come from and how is plastic made?

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